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Kinesiology > Exam 4 (Final) > Flashcards

Exam 4 (Final) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the shoulder joint?

A

scapula, clavicle, humerus

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2
Q

What are the parts of bones that make up the glenohumeral joint?

A

The spherical head of the humerus, and the small shallow glenoid fossa of the scapula

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3
Q

The spherical head of the humerus is ______

A

convex

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4
Q

The head of the glenoid fossa of the scapula is ______

A

concave

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5
Q

The glenohumeral joint is what type of joint?

A

ball and socket

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6
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the GH joint move in?

A

3

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7
Q

What are the osteokinematis of the GH joint?

A

F/T/S + Scaption

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8
Q

the GH joint can move in ______ degrees of abduction/adduction

A

120/-

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9
Q

The GH joint can move in ____ degrees of rotation

A

70-90

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10
Q

The GH joint can move in _____ degrees of horizontal abduction/adduction

A

45/135

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11
Q

The GH joint can move in _____ degrees of flexion and extension

A

120/50

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12
Q

Why is the GH joint frequently injured?

A

Due to its design

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13
Q

What deepens the glenoid fossa?

A

Labrum

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14
Q

Why are the ligaments of the GH joint so lax?

A

To accommodate wide ROM

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15
Q

What does the labrum do?

A

deepens fossa, provides cushioning, and prevents excessive translation of humeral head

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16
Q

What are the ligamentous reinforcements of the GH joint?

A

Coracohumeral, superior glenohumeral, middle glenohumeral, inferior glenohumeral

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17
Q

The GH joint capsule allows for _____ of distraction

A

1-2 inches

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18
Q

What is the redundant fold?

A

an axillary pouch

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19
Q

What do the rotator cuff muscles do?

A

provide compression of the GH joint and give dynamic ligament tension

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20
Q

Joint compression resists what and does what else?

A

translation forces, centers humeral head

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21
Q

What are the superior muscular reinforcements of the GH joint?

A

supraspinatus and long head of biceps

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22
Q

What is the inferior musclular reinforcement of the gh joint?

A

long head of triceps

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23
Q

What is the anterior muscular reinforcement of the gh joint?

A

subscapularis, pectoralis major, and teris major

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24
Q

What is the posterior muscular reinforcement of the gh joint?

A

infraspinatus and teres minor

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25
Q

The deltoid is force-coupled with what?

A

infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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26
Q

The lower serratus anterior is force coupled with what?

A

lower trapezius

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27
Q

The levator scapulae is force coupled with what?

A

weight of arm

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28
Q

What are the specific motions of the gh joint?

A

horizontal abduction/adduction, diagonal abduction/adduction, circumduction

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29
Q

Abduction is paired with what motion?

A

upward rotation

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30
Q

Adduction is paired with what motion?

A

downward rotation

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31
Q

Flexion is paired with what motion?

A

Elevation/upward motion

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32
Q

Extension is paired with what motion?

A

depression/downward rotation

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33
Q

Internal rotation is paired with what motion?

A

Protration

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34
Q

External roation is paired with what motion?

A

retraction

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35
Q

What are the superior muscles of the shoulder joint?

A

deltoid, supraspinatus

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36
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the shoulder joint?

A

infraspinatus, teres minor

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37
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the shoulder joint?

A

subscapularis, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

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38
Q

What are the inferior muscles of the shoulder joint?

A

latissimus dorsi, teres major, long head of the triceps brachii

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39
Q

What is the function of the middle deltoid?

A

abduction

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40
Q

What is the function of the anterior deltoid?

A

abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation

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41
Q

What is the function of the supraspinatus?

A

Weak abduction, weak flexion, stabilizes GH joint, important dynamic stabilizer in throwing

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42
Q

What is the most often injured of rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus

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43
Q

What is the function of the Infraspinatus?

A

External Rotation, Horizontal abduction, extension, Maintains posterior stability of numeral head in fossa

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44
Q

What is the infraspinatus the most powerful for?

A

External Rotation

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45
Q

The infraspinatus is effective when?

A

Rhomboids stabilize scapula

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46
Q

What is the function of the Teres Minor?

A

External rotation, horizontal abduction, extension

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47
Q

The teres minor stabilizes what?

A

Humeral head in glenoid fossa

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48
Q

The Teres minor functions similarly to the _____; same actions

A

infraspinatus

49
Q

What is the function of the subscapularis?

A

Internal rotation, adduction, extension, stabilization of GH joint in anterior and inferior sections

50
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis major- clavicular?

A

Flexion, Horizontal adduction, Internal rotation, abd/add

51
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis major - sternocostal?

A

Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension, adduction

52
Q

What is the function of the coracobrachialis?

A

Horizontal adduction, assists in flexion, assists in adduction,

53
Q

What is the coracobrachialis most functional in?

A

horizontal adduction

54
Q

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Adduction, extension, internal rotation and horizontal abduction

55
Q

What is one of the most important extensors?

A

latissimus dorsi

56
Q

the latissimus dorsi has strong action in what?

A

adduction

57
Q

What is the function of the teres major?

A

extension, internal rotation, adduction

58
Q

The teres major is only effective when?

A

When rhomboids stabilize the scapula

59
Q

The teres major works effectively with what?

A

latissimus Dorsi

60
Q

What are the flexors of the shoulder joint?

A

anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major-clavicular

61
Q

What are the extensors of the shoulder joint?

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Posterior deltoid, teres major, pectoralis major-sternal, supraspinatus

62
Q

What are the abductors of the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, pec major-clavicular, supraspinatus

63
Q

What are the adductors of the shoulder?

A

Latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis, teres major, pec major-sternal, pec major-clavicular, subscapularis

64
Q

What are the internal rotators of the shoulder joint?

A

anterior deltoid, teres major, lat dorsi, pec major - both, subscapularis

65
Q

What are the external rotators of the shoulder joint?

A

posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor

66
Q

What are the horizontal abductors of the shoulder joint?

A

posterior deltoid, lat dorsi, infraspinatus, teres minor

67
Q

What are the horizontal adductors of the shoulder joint?

A

anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, pec major- both

68
Q

What is the function of the spine?

A

Mechanism for maintaining upright posture that permits movement of head, neck, and trunk

69
Q

Our spine is ______ stronger than a straight, solid rod

A

10x

70
Q

The spine provides what?

A

Stability and mobility, support and protection, resistance and adaptation

71
Q

There are ____ cervical vertebrae

A

7

72
Q

There are ____ thoracic vertebrae

A

12

73
Q

There are ____ lumbar vertebrae

A

5

74
Q

The cervical vertebrae have a _____ curve

A

lordotic

75
Q

The thoracic vertebrae have a _____ curve

A

kyphotic

76
Q

The _____ and _____ are the last parts of the spine

A

sacrum and coccyx

77
Q

Cervical vertebrae are _____ than thoracic and have more of a function of _____

A

lighter, mobility

78
Q

The facets of the cervical vertebrae are _____

A

slanted

79
Q

The cervical vertebrae favor movements in the _____ plane

A

sagittal

80
Q

Thoracic vertebrae have facets facing ______

A

sagittal plane

81
Q

What movements are limited in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

hyper-extension, rotation

82
Q

What movements are possible in thoracic vertebrae?

A

flexion, lateral flexion, some rotation

83
Q

What is the main function of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

bear weight of the body

84
Q

The facets of the lumbar vertebrae face where?

A

inward

85
Q

What are the movements of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation

86
Q

There are ____ fused sacral vertebrae

A

5`

87
Q

_____ is extremely important in the sacral vertebrae

A

stability

88
Q

The coccyx consists of ___ fused vertebrae

A

4

89
Q

Vertebrae _____ in size from first cervical to fifth lumbar spine

A

increase

90
Q

Why do vertebrae increase in size?

A

Because they need to support more weight

91
Q

The cervical vertebrae have a _____ curve

A

lordotic

92
Q

The thoracic vertebrae have a ____ curve

A

kyphotic

93
Q

The lumbar vertebrae have a _____ curve

A

lordotic

94
Q

The sacral vertebrae have a _____ curve

A

kyphotic

95
Q

There are _____ sets of articulations in the vertebral joints

A

2

96
Q

Vertebral arches occur in _____; ____ on either side of each vertebra

A

pairs, one

97
Q

The articulation of vertebral bodies are ______ joints

A

cartilaginous joints

98
Q

Intervertebral discs are _____

A

fibrocartilage

99
Q

Intervertebral discs have a _____ and ______

A

outer fibrous rim, nucleus pulposus

100
Q

What are the two ligaments that reinforce the vertebrae?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior longitudinal ligament

101
Q

Facets are _____

A

nonaxial

102
Q

Facets are enclosed in a _____

A

capsule

103
Q

articulation of vertebral arches permit what?

A

gliding

104
Q

Movement of vertebral arches is determined by what?

A

direction the articular facets face

105
Q

What makes up the atlanto-occipital articulation?

A

condyles of occipital bone, articular fossa of atlas

106
Q

The atlanto-occipital articulation acts like a _____ ____

A

hinge joint

107
Q

Mostion motion occurs in what regions?

A

cervical and lumbar

108
Q

cervical motion is the motion of what?

A

The neck and head

109
Q

Lumbar motion is the motion of the _____

A

lower trunk

110
Q

The atlanto-occipital joint moves in what movements?

A

flexion and extension, slight lateral flexion

111
Q

The atlantoaxial joint moves how?

A

rotation

112
Q

The remaining cervical joint do what movements?

A

flexion and extension, lateral flexion, rotation

113
Q

The thoracic region has what movements?

A

moderate flexion, limited extension, limited lateral flexion, rotation

114
Q

The lumbar region has what movements?

A

flexion and extension, lateral flexion, limited rotation

115
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles?

A

longus capitis & coli, rectus capitis anterior and lateralis

116
Q

What are the hyoid muscles?

A

suprahyoids and infrahyoids

117
Q

The bilateral prevertebral muscles do what?

A

flex head and neck

118
Q

The unilateral prevertebral muscles do what?

A

lateral flexion, rotation to opposite side

119
Q

What do the hyoid muscles do?

A

flex head and neck, assist with swallowing

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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