Exam 4- Diabetes

Question 1

What is diabetes?

Answer 1

HYPERGLYCEMIA

increased BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL

Question 2

Type I Diabetes is?

Answer 2

Strictly pancreas not making insulin

Question 3

Type II Diabetes is?

Answer 3

Making insulin but body not utilizing the insulin properly. Very preventable.

Question 4

What is the ideal range to stabilize a normal glucose range?

Answer 4

70-120 mg/dL

Question 5

What are the 2 functions of the pancreas?

Answer 5

1. Endocrine- to prod. Insulin

2. Exocrine- amylase and lipase for digestive enzymes

Question 6

What is the function of Insulin?

Answer 6

Helps move glucose into the cells and out of the blood to be utilized. If glucose is not moved from the blood= Hyperglycemia

Question 7

Why does Insulin lower blood glucose?

Answer 7

To help maintain glucose levels to be 70-120 mg/dl

Question 8

Why is there a spike in glucose in the morning?

Answer 8

Because conterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, epinephrine, GH, and cortisol increase in the morning opposing the effects of insulin causeing increased blood glucose levels.

Question 9

Type 1 Diabetes is what kind of disease?

Answer 9

Autoimmune mediated diseases.
5-10% of all diabetics
generally affects pop. under age of 40
and includes Idiopathic diabetes (unk. cause)

Question 10

What ethnicities are more prone to inherit idiopathic diabetes?

Answer 10

African or Asian

Question 11

Why do the Polys occur?

Answer 11

Because without insulin the body builds up glucose causing the poly sxs

Question 12

The Polys

Answer 12

1. Polyuria- urination
2. Polydipsia- thirst
3. Polyphagia- hunger

Question 13

Why is Diabetic Ketoacidosis life-threatening?

Answer 13

complication due to severe insulin deficiency, the body begins breaking down fats for energy and ketones form in the liver…these ketones are released into the blood stream. Accumulation causes metabolic acidosis.

Question 14

What are Kussmaul respirations?

Answer 14

DEEP and LABORED- trying to eliminate CO2.

Question 15

How do you treat DKA?

Answer 15

Give INSULIN

Question 16

Fasting glucose ____ or higher can indicate diabetic

Answer 16

126 or higher

Question 17

Random glucose (eating all day)____ or higher can indicate diabetic

Answer 17

200 or higher or tolerance

Question 18

What is the C-peptide test used for?

Answer 18

test pancreas function for making insulin.
Decreased C-pep= not making insulin
Increased C-pep= not using insulin (cellular level)

Question 19

How many units of insulin are in 1 cc syringe?

Answer 19

100 units of insulin

Question 20

0.4 mL = ___ units of insulin

Answer 20

40 units of insulin

Question 21

Diabetic ranges for BGLs

Answer 21

90-150
150 or higher= interventions needed
200 or 300 give HUmalog and call Dr.

Question 22

90% of diabetics are what kind of diabetic

Answer 22

Type II DM and of Native Alaskan American descent

Question 23

Lisinopril helps preserve what organ?

Answer 23

Kidneys for longer period of time for prediabetes pt not only HTN pt.

Question 24

What action does Metformin have in regards to insulin?

Answer 24

Doesn’t make cells prod. more insulin, makes cells UTILIZE INSULIN better

Question 25

34 units of insulin, 1 mL =_____mL

Answer 25

0.34 mL

Question 26

In regards to insulin, Logs are

Answer 26

quick acting, will work 15 min after administration, give with foods