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Nursing 1610 > Exam 3- Nutrition > Flashcards

Exam 3- Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbs consist of ____% of cal intake per day and why?

A

50-60% because carbs are the primary source of energy the body needs.
=6-11 servings

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2
Q

What is the only sugar the brain uses?

A

GLUCOSE.

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3
Q

Carbs are broke down into what 3?

A
  1. Simple sugars- glucose, honey, fruits
  2. Complex CHO- glycogen, ww, oats, potatoes
  3. Starch- a form of complex CHO- carrots, swt potato
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4
Q

What are the roles for essential AAs?

A

necessary for tissue growth and maintenance.

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5
Q

What is Arginine (EAA) used for?

A

Important role in immune system

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6
Q

What does Albumin use AA for?

A

to build Albumin proteins and transport. important for metabolic pathways.

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7
Q

EAA verses NEAA?

A

EAA- CANNOT be manufactured in the body and must be supplied as part of the protein ingested from DIET.

NEAA- the body can manufacture.

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8
Q

What are the 2 lipids?

A
  1. Sat. fats- solid all filled with H. butter, lard.

2. Unsat fats- can accommodate more H atoms. veg oil, evoo, more healthy dietarily.

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9
Q

What foods can be found in Vitamin A? (eyesight)

A

carrots, sweet potato, squash..highes in COD LIVER OIL

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10
Q

What foods and Vitamin B1 be found in? (B1-PIG)

A

THIAMINE: wheat germ, ww, grains, nuts, highest in PORK.

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11
Q

What foods can Vitamin B12 be found in?

A

COBALAMIN- animal products/animal food source.

*Problem for vegans/vegetarians.

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12
Q

What foods can Vitamin C be found in?

A

Baked potatot, oranges, citrus fruits, tomato, grapefruit

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13
Q

What foods can Vitamin D be found in?

A

milk, cheese, yogurt, dairy, sunlight–> skin

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14
Q

What foods can Vitamin E (seeds) be found in?

A

avocado, sunflower seeds, nuts, veg oil

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15
Q

What foods can Vitamin K be found in?

A

Spinach, green, leafy vegetables.

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16
Q

Why are vitamins important?

A

ORGANIC compound that cannot be manufacturesd by body and is needed in small quantities to catalyze metabolic processes. Deficiency can lead to disease.

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17
Q

Fat soluble vitamins are?

A

A,D,E,K- body can store these. Limits for E,K. Content higher in fresh foods.

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18
Q

h20 soluble vitamins are?

A

all C and B complex vits. Body c/n store these therefore need daily from diet.

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19
Q

What are minerals?

A

Inorganic elements that need to be in IONIZED form because body uses them readily.

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20
Q

What are the 2 important minerals for women and what are the dosages?

A

Calcium- 1200 mg to prevent osteoporosis

Iron- 18 mg to aid menstrual woman

21
Q

How much cc of H20 is required for intake?

A

2,000 cc to have 2,000 cc out.

22
Q

What are 6 essential nutrients?

A
  1. Vitamins
  2. Minerals
  3. Lipids
  4. Carbohydrates
  5. Proteins
  6. h20
23
Q

CI and DRI depend on?

A

age, weight, gender and pt.

24
Q

How many servings of fruits should a diet have?

A

2-4 servings

25
Q

How many serving of veggies?

A

3-5 servings

26
Q

How many servings of dairy and meat should a person have?

A

2-3 servings

27
Q

How many % for fat?

A

no more than 30%

28
Q

What is a serving size reference?

A

about 1/2 a cup.

29
Q

What foods should you avoid for a neonate-1 year old?

A

HIGH ALLERGIC FOODS: honey- botulism, corn syrup products, strawberries, nuts, whole milk b/c casin, milk prot too big for baby to handle therefore can cause kidney/liver damage during metabolism and excretion= bleeding in GI tract.

30
Q

When should you feed a baby?

A

ON DEMAND

31
Q

When should you introduce iron fortified rice cereals (first) then solid foods?

A

At 6 months because iron storage will deplete from liver.

32
Q

How long should you wait to space foods?

A

1 week in order to detect allergies.

33
Q

What is a risk factor for school aged children and nutrition?

A

Risk for OBESITY r/t eating away from home, sharing snacks with friends= poor eating habits.
Teach healthy eating habits, promote exercise, 2400 kcal.

34
Q

Adolescents and nutrition requirements for male and females?

A

Males require more calcium and protein for muscle dev and increased CI.
Females need Iron, 18 mg for menstrual cycle.

35
Q

What disorders can occur in adolescents?

A

Anorexia nervosa- extreme weight loss, refusal to eat

Anorexia bulimia- binge, purge

36
Q

Why should adults take Vitamin D and Calcium at the same time?

A

To reduce osteoporosis. Vit D intake is essential to maintain Calcium homeostasis.

37
Q

Vitamin C helps to?

A

Facilitate use of IRON in body to absorb

38
Q

what should you remind adults in regards to nutrition?

A

Have a HEALTHY DIET b/c start to see chronic illness, CV, renal d, etc

39
Q

What is the most accurate measurement for nutrition?

A

WEIGHT- same scale, with or without clothes, time of day, before or after meal

40
Q

What do you do to avoid constipation?

A

Increase fluid, fiver, and activity. Food sources: celery, ww, grain, and vegetables

41
Q

What can happen due to vitamin B12 (extrinsic factor) deficiency and who is at risk?

A

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA..vegans/vegetarians, people with GI problems b/c not having much intrinsic factor (gastric parietal cells), alcoholism. Major cause of deficiency: MALABSORPTION

42
Q

What is A & O x3

A

name, place, and time (what day is it)…LOC

43
Q

What are the two most commonly used Dx?

A

Impaired nutrition: either less than or more than body requirements

44
Q

Pt centered goals include SMART?

A 
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic 
Time bound
45
Q

What are 6 different types of diets ordered by physician?

A
  1. Clear liquid- water, clear broths, gelatin
  2. Full liquid- shakes, turn liquid at body temp
  3. Soft- pureed or mech soft
  4. Diet as tolerated
  5. Mod. for disease- LCS for diabetic pt
  6. High Fiber- or Low residual (low fiber)
46
Q

What is the most common GI disorder?

A

NAUSEA- subjective feeling of epigastric discomfort and sensation for vomiting. Use 1-10 pain scale.
Most common prob in pt due to meds or procedure/surgery pt went under

47
Q

What are some nursing interventions for a pt with N & V?

A
  1. NPO
  2. Clear liquids- saltines, ginger ale, 7up, toast, crackers. No spicy foods
  3. Environment- quiet, well ventilated
  4. If V, watch for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
48
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed diuretic?

A

LASIX (K+ wasting) therefore pt needs to be on K+ supp. or K+ diet because pt excreting a lot of K+ therefore teaching pt risk for electrolyte imbalance.

Nursing 1610 (11 decks)

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