Exam 4- Chapter 22 Flashcards
tongue made up of
skeletal muscle covered with stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
salivary glands
-parotid glands
-submandibular glands
-sublingual glands
saliva contains
salivary glands
lysozyme
secretory IgA
bicarbonate ions
pharynx is lined with
stratified squamous epithelium
esophagus is lined with
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium that contain esogeal glands
esogeal glands secrete mucus to lubricate the passageway
stages of deglutition
- voluntary phase
- pharyngeal phase
- esophageal phase
mucus neck cell
(cell type in gastric glands of stomach)
secretes acid mucus
prevents neutralization of acid produced by partial cell
parietal cell
(cell type in gastric glands of stomach)
secretes hydrochloric acid (HCI)
responsible for acidic pH of gastric juice
activates pepsinogen
destroys many disease-causing organisms
chief cells
(cell type in gastric glands of stomach)
secretes inactive enzyme pepsinogen
(when inactive pepsinogen encounters acidic pH it becomes active enzyme pepsin-> begins protein digestion in stomach)
DNES cell
(cell type in gastric glands of stomach)
G cells secrete hormone gastrin-> stimulates secretion from other parietal cells
DNES cells produce hormone histamine
enzymes secreted in stomach
pepsin
gastric lipase
what is absorbed by stomach
water
electrolytes
vitamins
pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions
endocrine system- secretes hormones insulin + glucagon
exocrine system- enzymes secreted primarily by clusters of acinar cells
pancreatic juice
secretion of acinar + duct cells
ducts cells secrete _________ _____ which makes the pancreatic juice more alkaline (basic)
bicarbonate ions
digestive enzymes
pancreatic amylase
trypsin
chymotrypsin
pancreatic lipase
liver main function
produce bile
gallbladder main function
store bile
liver lobule is composed of
hepatocytes
(arranged in hexagon shape)
at each corner of lobule there are 3 structures:
portal triad
portal venue
bile duct
bile function
digestion + absorption of lipids
mechanism by which liver excretes waste and other substances the kidney cannot exercise
bile contains items that liver excretes
cholesterol
waste products
toxins (heavy metals)
other function of liver
nutrient metabolism - process ingested nutrient
detoxification - detoxifies substances we eat & drink
excretion - directly secretes bilirubin in bile
3 divisions of small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
duodenum
duodenal submucosal glands contain specialized glands called brunner’s glands -> which produce alkaline mucus to protect duodenum from acidic chyme
jejunum
most active site for chemical digestion + absorption
internal surface area of small intestine contain 3 types of folds
circular folds
villi
microvilli
what happens in small intestine
segmentation - move content towards anal direction
peristalsis - mixing to promote absorption of nutrient & water
peristalsis
alternating contactions of longitudinal + curcular layers of smooth muscle in muscularis externa
segmentation
contraction of ONLY circular layer of smooth muscle
producting squeezing motion
enzymes secreted by small intestine
maltase
sucrase
lactase
what does the stomach secrete
gastric juice to breakdown the ingested food
chyme
the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.
