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BIOL 1406 > Exam 4 - Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

biotechnology

A

broad field involving the use of biological agent or process for technological advancement

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2
Q

recombinant DNA

A

DNA from two different sources in the same DNA molecule

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3
Q

restriction enzyme

A

molecular scissors

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4
Q

DNA/RNA extraction

A
  • study or manipulate nucleic acids, must first isolate or extract from cells
  • involve breaking cell open with lycis buffer
  • destroying other compents with enzymes
  • alcohol is used to precipitate
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5
Q

DNA microarray

A
  • can be used to mesure gene expression of thousands of genes
  • mRNA is extracted and reverse transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA)
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6
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A
  • technique to amplify or copy specific segments of DNA

- needs template DNA, primer, taq polymerase, dna nucleotides, buffer

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7
Q

PCR using thermocycler

A
  • denaturing step -strands are separated
  • annealing step -primers bind to target sequence
  • extention step -taq polymerase binds to primers and replicates DNA
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8
Q

Gel electrophoresis

A

used to separate protein or DNA based on size using electric field

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9
Q

genetic sequencing

A
  • technique that determines the actual order of nucleotides in a genetic sequence
  • uses nucleotides with fluorescent markers
  • sequence is laser scanned which detects each fluorescent marker
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10
Q

Cloning

A
  • molecular cloning -reproduction of DNA fragments, requires vectors or plasmids
  • cellular cloning -reproduction of a cell
  • reproductive cloning -recreation of a whole multicellular organism
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11
Q

genomic library

A

collection of the total genomic DNA from an organism

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12
Q

enucleation

A

donor egg with nucleus removed

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13
Q

genetic analysis

A

analysis of the genetics of an individual or organism

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14
Q

dna profiling

A

analysis of DNA samples to determine whether they came from the same individual

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15
Q

genetic markers

A

unique features in a persons DNA that can be used to determine if a DNA sample came from the same person

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16
Q

short tandum repeats (STR)

A

short repeated DNA sequences in a row

17
Q

genetic engineering

A

direct manipulation of genes producing recombinant DNA for practical purposes

18
Q

transgenic

A

DNA comes from a different species than the host

19
Q

CRISPR

A

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

-allows for modiciation of genes of living organism

20
Q

Cas9

A

enzyme can be used to cut the genome at the desired location allowing genes to be removed or new ones inserted

BIOL 1406 (14 decks)

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