Exam 4 Ch 37- Radiation/Fluoroscopy Patient Radiation Dose

Question 1

types of imaging (3)-

Answer 1

-projection imaging
-emission imaging
-reflection imaging

Question 2

projection imaging-

Answer 2

x-rays emitted from a source, projected on a subject, & captured remnant beam

Question 3

projection imaging ex.-

Answer 3

radiography, fluor, & CT

Question 4

emission imaging ex.-

Answer 4

PET & MRI

Question 5

reflection imaging ex.-

Answer 5

DMS

Question 6

2 reasons for patient radiation dose concerns-

Answer 6

-med. imging. plays larger role in diagnosis
-stochastic effect risk increase

Question 7

stochastic effects ex.-

Answer 7

cancer & non-expected life span shortening

Question 8

4 ways to express pt. dose-

Answer 8

-enterance skin exposure (ESE)- equated w: pt. dose
-mean marrow dose (MMD)
-genetically significant dose (GSD)
-tissue dose

Question 9

MRI & DMS-

Answer 9

has no radiation concerns at all

Question 10

Entrance skin exposure (ESE) reporting pt. dose most often used due to-

Answer 10

ease of measurement (easiest to measure)

Question 11

mean marrow dose (MMD) reporting pt. dose-

Answer 11

-radiation-induced leukemia
-estimated not measured

Question 12

gonadal dose reporting pt. dose-

Answer 12

-exposure to reproductive organs
-can be measured/estimated

Question 13

reporting pt. dose most likely response of human tissue to x-radiation is-

Answer 13

no response

Question 14

Enterance Skin Exposure (ESE) most often referred to as-

Answer 14

pt. dose

Question 15

Enterance Skin Exposure (ESE) measured by-

Answer 15

TLD/OSL- if in control setting it’s accurate within 5%

Question 16

Enterance Skin Exposure (ESE) estimated by using a-

Answer 16

nomogram (must be specific for each system)

Question 17

Enterance Skin Exposure (ESE) uses inverse square law IF-

Answer 17

ESE is known at 1 distance

Question 18

in digital radiography, ESE is-

Answer 18

30%-50% lower than film screen

Question 19

in digital radiography, ESE is due to the advantage of-

Answer 19

receptor response

Question 20

ESE exit skin dose is appx.-

Answer 20

1% ESE

Question 21

mean marrow dose Is estimated bec of-

Answer 21

possible hematologic effects of radiation exposure

Question 22

avg. pt. dose in US is-

Answer 22

appx. 1 uGy(t)/yr (100 mrad/yr)

Question 23

pt. dose should present-

Answer 23

no hematological response

Question 24

pt. dose used for research due to-

Answer 24

cumulative dose & specific late effect: leukemia

Question 25

gonadal dose is more important to understand as-

Answer 25

a population/offspring than as an individual

Question 26

genetically significant dose-

Answer 26

-radiation dose to gene pool -if received by every member. would produce total genetic effect on population

Question 27

genetically significant dose in US is-

Answer 27

0.2 mGyt/yr

Question 28

tissue dose-

Answer 28

computer generated anthropomorphic phantom

Question 29

each tissue type & organ has-

Answer 29

level of radiosensitivity

Question 30

tissue dose in skin is-

Answer 30

relatively radio resistant, but is of primary concern

Question 31

skin burns from-

Answer 31

fluoro procedures

Question 32

Digital Radiographic Tomosynthesis-

Answer 32

newest imging. modality

Question 33

Digital Radiographic Tomosynthesis may reduce-

Answer 33

number of CT exams

Question 34

Digital Radiographic Tomosynthesis approved for-

Answer 34

mammo

Question 35

Fluoro Patient Radiation Dose increases w:-

Answer 35

high level fluoro use

Question 36

ESE estimation is difficult-

Answer 36

-directly related to exposure time -should be measured

Question 37

digital fluoro reduces-

Answer 37

pt. dose- time is decreases

Question 38

sentinel event is the center for-

Answer 38

devices & radiation health

Question 39

sentinel event determines-

Answer 39

any fluoro event where pt. receives more than 15 gray in tissue should be documented & considered a sentinel event

Question 40

sentinel event measurement-

Answer 40

15 Gyt

Question 41

dose area product-

Answer 41

quantity of radiation & amt. of tissue exposed

Question 42

increasing field size increases-

Answer 42

DAP even if dose remains the same

Question 43

DAP meters are positioned-

Answer 43

b/w collimator & pt.

Question 44

DAP expressed in-

Answer 44

units of mGya-cm^2