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1512 Anatomy & Positioning II > Exam 4 C/T Spine > Flashcards

Exam 4 C/T Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the only vertebrae with bifid tips?

A

C3-C6

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2
Q

which vertebrae has the vertebral prominence?

A

C7

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3
Q

what view do you use to see the intervertebral foramen on c-spine?

A

oblique

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4
Q

what view do you use to see the zygapophyseal joints on c-spine?

A

lateral

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5
Q

where does the spinal cord begin and end?

A

begins at C2 and ends at L1 or L2

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6
Q

how many cervical nerves are there?

A

8 pair

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7
Q

how many thoracic nerves are there?

A

12 pair

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8
Q

how many lumbar nerves are there?

A

5 pair

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9
Q

how many sacral nerves are there?

A

5 pair

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10
Q

how many coccygeal nerves are there?

A

1 pair

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11
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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12
Q

what are the 2 AP views for c-spine?

A

AP Axial (15-20 deg cephalic)
Odontoid

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13
Q

what view is it when the mandibular shadow is blurred by even chewing motion during exposure? (wagging jaw method)
pt’s head must be rigidly immobilized
exposure time must be long
CR perpendicular to C4

A

AP Projection Ottonello Method

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14
Q

what is the SID for AP c-spine?

A

40 in

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15
Q

what is the SID for lateral c-spine and why?

A

72 in to account for OID

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16
Q

how much rotation for AP Axial OBL on c-spine?

A

45 degrees

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17
Q

which intervertebral foramina are you looking at on a AP Axial OBL of the c-spine?

A

the ones farthest from the cassette

18
Q

CR orientation for AP Axial OBL of c-spine?

A

15 deg cephalic enters at C4

19
Q

what is the alternative method to odontoid to see the dens?

A

Fuchs

20
Q

what view do you use to see the lateral masses of the c-spine?
with pt supine, hyperextend the neck

A

AP Axial Vertebral Arch (Pillars or Lateral Masses)

21
Q

CR orientation for AP Axial Vertebral Arch (Pillars or Lateral Masses)?

A

20-30 degrees caudal entering at C7
CR should coincide with plane of articular facets

22
Q

how to take Ap Axial OBL “trauma obliques”?

A

pt supine cannot move
CR 45 deg medial and 20 deg cephalic entering at C4
cassette centered under adjacent mastoid process

23
Q

what is is the name of fractures in the neural arch and facets?
involves the pars interarticularis of C2
severe hyperextension fracture

A

hangman’s fracture

24
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord (disrupts the CNS functions linking brain and limbs)
symptoms: moderate fever with pain along the spine that also radiates into the extremities

A

myelitis

25
Q

injury to the c-spine or supporting ligaments
muscles marked by pain and stiffness
in this type of hyperextension injury, C2 may have fractures of the neural arch and facets, and the anterior longitudinal ligament may rupture resulting in avulsion fracture of the anteroinferior margin
most of these injuries are the result of a collision that includes sudden acceleration or decelerations

A

whiplash

26
Q

which vertebrae have longer transverse processes and why?

A

thoracic vertebrae, for rib attachment

27
Q

how many costal facets do thoracic vertebrae have?

A

3

28
Q

what vertebrae has full facet on top?

A

only T1

29
Q

CR orientation for AP t-spine?

A

CR perpendicular entering at T7 (3-4in below jugular notch

30
Q

how to avoid burning out the top of the t-spine?

A

turn cathode towards bottom of the t-spine

31
Q

CR orientation for standing and laying down lateral t-spine?

A

standing: perpendicular entering at T7
laying down: 10-15 deg cephalic entering at T7

32
Q

pt position for OBL t-spine

A

body rotated 70 deg for AP, body rotated 20 deg for PA

33
Q

which zygapophyseal joints are you looking at in AP OBL of t-spine?

A

farthest

34
Q

which zygapophyseal joints are you looking at in PA OBL of t-spine?

A

closest

35
Q

examination of individual intervertebral disks
performed with small quantities of H2O soluble contrast injected into the center of the disk by way of double-needle entry
demonstrates internal disk lesions (rupture of nucleus pulposus) no demonstrated on myelogram

A

diskography

36
Q

a bone break that disrupts osseous tissue and collapses the affected bone

A

compression fracture

37
Q

what is the most common cause of compression fractures?

A

pt with osteoporosis

38
Q

2nd most common brain tumor and accounts for approx 20% of all brain tumors
slow growing benign brain neoplasm originating in the arachnoid tissues

A

meningioma

39
Q

a nerve sheath tumor that infiltrates the nerve and splays apart the individual nerve fibers
usually benign, but can sometimes degenerate into cancer

A

neurofibroma

40
Q

type of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops normally but the meninges protrude from a spinal opening, congenital herniation

A

meningocele

41
Q

traumatic separation of a segment of bone from the edge of the vertebral ring apophysis at the site of annular attachment

A

limbus fracture

1512 Anatomy & Positioning II (4 decks)

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