Exam 1 Lower Extremities Flashcards
what anatomy is best demonstrated with a 45 degree lateral OBL projection of the ankle?
mortise joint
lateral malleolus
proximal tibia
superior aspect of the calcaneus
superior aspect of the calcaneus
Which projection is obtained with the ankle in dorsiflexion and CR directed 40 degrees to long axis of plantar surface?
axial (plantodorsal)
Which two tarsal bones form the subtalar (sinus tarsi) joint?
calcaneus and talus
What is demonstrated on the tangential patella projection?
patellofemoral articulations
Which bones comprise the foot?
14 phalanges, 5 metatarsals, 7 tarsals
On the AP projection of the normal knee, which of the following is true?
joint spaces are equal
knee is rotated 15 degrees medially
tibial plateaus are superimposed
tube angled 15 degrees caudal
joint spaces are equal
In which direction is the apex of the patella located?
inferiorly
Which bony structure articulates with the facet of the lateral tibial condyles?
head of fibula
Which ligament connects the medial and lateral menisci in the knee?
transverse
What is the definition of gout?
excessive uric acid deposits
What is another name for the talus bone?
astragalus
What is another name for the calcaneus?
os calcis
What can be used to create even densities when imaging an AP foot?
wedge filter
two fibrocartilage discs that lie on the tibial plateaus, thicker on the outside, provide stability and act as shock absorbers
meniscus
runs from the proximal part of the tibia to the medial femoral epicondyle
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
runs from the head of the fibula to the lateral femoral epicondyle
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
originates at the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle and inserts into the middle of the intercondylar area
anterior cruciate ligament
originates from the anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle within the notch and inserts along the posterior aspect of the tibial plateau
posterior cruciate ligament
incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity
osgood-schlatter’s disease
a fluid filled cyst behind the knee
usually the result of conditions like arthritis or torn cartilage that cause too much lubricating fluid to be produced
baker’s cyst
malignant, primary tumor of bone with bone or cartilage formation
most common primary malignant bone cancer
osteosarcoma
rare condition in which the femoral head temporarily loses its blood supply
the head collapses and the area becomes inflamed and irritated
legg-perthes disease
autoimmune and inflammatory disease where your immune system attacks healthy cells and causes inflammation in joints and results in painful deformaties
rheumatoid arthritis
an infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues
pyogenic arthritis (septic arthritis)
form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertabrae
osteoarthritis
bow legged appearance
inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint
varus deformity
knock-kneed appearance
distal part of the leg deviated outward
valgus deformity
tiny cracks in bone that form as a result of overuse or repetitive, stress-bearing motions
stress fracture
fracture where there is no communications between the bone fracture and the skin surface
closed fracture
fracture where the whole thickness of the bone is not broken but is bent or buckled
incomplete fracture
fracture where the break in the bone communicates with a wound in the skin
open fracture
fracture line runs at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the bone
transverse fracture
fracture that runs along the length of the bone
longitudinal fracture
fracture which is similar to spiral fracture except for length
oblique fracture
fracture in which the bone fragments splinter into more than two pieces
comminuted fracture
fracture in which one fragment is driven into the other end and is relatively fixed in that position
impacted fracture
fracture that may occur when a bone is weakened by disease, thereby permitting a bone to break even with minor trauma
pathological fracture
occurs when a fracture passes through or lies within the growth plate of a bone
epiphyseal fracture
may result from a joint displacement where the ligament or tendon avulses its bony attachment instead of rupturing its fibers
avulsion fracture
a complete displacement of one articular surface of a joint from the other
dislocation
a partial dislocation
subluxation
a fracture of one of the bony prominences of the end of a long bone is describes as:
a fracture of that prominence by name
What view best demonstrates the intercondyloid notch or fossa:
a. AP of knee
b. transthoracic view
c. “tunnel” view
d. oblique of knee
c. “tunnel” view
The “skyline” position best demonstrates the:
a. elbow
b. ankle
c. knee
d. patella
d. patella
The lesser trochanter is ____________ to the neck of the femur.
a. distal
b. proximal
c. equal
d. opposite
a. distal
In an A.P. view of the knee, to better visualize the joint space, the central ray is angled
5 degrees ____________.
a. laterally
b. medially
c. caudad
d. cephalic
d. cephalic
The large, palpable prominence on the outer (lateral) border of the femur is the:
a. lesser trochanter
b. greater trochanter
c. greater tuberosity
d. lesser multangular
b. greater trochanter
The inner, larger bone of the leg below the knee is the:
a. ulna
b. tibia
c. fibula
d. radius
b. tibia
The lateral malleolus is formed by the:
a. distal end of the ulna
b. distal end of the tibia
c. proximal end of the fibula
d. distal end of the fibula
d. distal end of the fibula
Calcaneous refers to the:
a. heel
b. lower extremity
c. wrist
d. elbow
a. heel
The cuboid lies on the side of the foot.
a. lateral
b. medial
c. inferior
d. superior
a. lateral
The oblique of the foot requires the foot to be rotated:
a. laterally
b. medially
c. plantar
d. dorsal
b. medially
In the inferior-superior projection of the os calcis, the foot is rotated:
a. 40 degrees medially
b. 40 degrees laterally
c. C.R. 20, foot 20 degrees
d. no rotation of foot
d. no rotation of foot
The oblique ankle best demonstrates the:
a. medial malleolus
b. lateral malleolus
c. talus
d. calcaneus
b. lateral malleolus
In the A.P. view of the knee, the anatomical landmark utilized to help direct the C.R. is
the:
a. popliteal fossa
b. inferior border of the patella
c. head of the fibula
d. superior margin of the patella
b. inferior border of the patella
To show the neck of the femur in a true anatomic position, the:
a. feet are in internal rotation
b. feet are in external rotation
c. feet are in neutral position
d. knees are flexed
a. feet are in internal rotation
The large prominence of the distal tibia that forms part of the medial border of the ankle
is the _____________.
a. medial condyle
b. lateral condyle
c. lateral malleolus
d. medial malleolus
d. medial malleolus
The plantar surface of the feet is considered the of the feet.
a. anterior portion
b. posterior portion
c. ventral portion
d. lateral portion
b. posterior portion
