Exam 4: Assessment of reproductive, Breast disorders, and gynecological problems

Question 1

Breast Cancer: Diagnostics: Mammogram

Answer 1

Guidelines

• Women who are asymptomatic following breast cancer treatment should be screened annually without additional test
• Women who have geneic mutations or other high risk factors for breast cancer should have screening with MRI in addition.
• yearly starting at age 40
• Barriers- no access to healthcare

Question 2

Breast Cancer: Treatment: Chemo/meds

Answer 2

Anthracyclines
- doxorubicin

Taxanes
- docetaxel

Alkylating agents
- cyclophosphamide

Antimetabolites
- Fluorouracil (5-FU)

Question 3

Breast Cancer: Treatment: Hormonal therapy

Answer 3

Aromatase inhibitors

• Post menopausal (important)
• anastrozole

Question 4

Breast Cancer: Post-op for mastectomy

Answer 4

• Avoid use of affected arm (no BP, blood draws, IVs) (important)
• Vital signs every 30 minutes for 1 hour, every hour for 2 hours, then every 4 hours
• Drains monitored (Kept until drainage is <25 mL/day)

Question 5

Toxic Shock Syndrome: Risk factors

Answer 5

• Menstruation (develops within 5 days after onset)

- Tampon use

Question 6

Toxic Shock Syndrome: Prevention

Answer 6

• Wash hands before inserting tampon
• wash hands every 3-6 hours
• do not use superabsorbent tampons (important)
• Use sanitary napkins at night

Question 7

Toxic Shock Syndrome: Symptoms/assessment

Answer 7

• Abrupt onset of high temp., headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized rash (sunburn like), hypotension

Question 8

Toxic Shock Syndrome: Treatment

Answer 8

• Remove source of infection

- Treat like shock -> with fluids, electrolytes, vasoconstrictors for hypotension, antibiotics, corticosteriods

Question 9

Cervical cancer: Risk

Answer 9

• Likely due to HPV presence (Strains 16, 8, and 11) (important)
• Girls and younger women
• Multiparity
• Smoking
• <18 years old at 1st intercourse

Question 10

Cervical cancer: Symptoms

Answer 10

• Painless vaginal bleeding
• Flank pain (late sign)
• Leg pain or swelling (late sign)