Exam 4 Antipsychotics Flashcards
A category of symptoms of schizophrenia that includes impaired working memory, poor executive function, and attention deficits
cognitive symptoms
Theory that excessive DA function of mesolimibic neurons produces positives symptoms and insufficient DA function of mesocortical neurons produces negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
Dopamine imbalance hypothesis
Theory that altered DA function leads to the symptoms observed in individuals with schizophrenia
Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
characteristics of schizophrenia that are observed as a decline in normal function, such as reduced speech, loss of motivation, social withdrawal, and anhedonia
Negative symptoms
Drugs useful in treating schizophrenia; an older term that refers to their ability to selectively reduce emotionality and psychomotor activity. Now more often called antipsychotics
neuroleptics
undesired response to anti-psychotic drugs that resembles Parkinson’s disease, including tremors, akinesia, muscle rigidity, akathesia, and lack of facial expression
parkinsonian symptoms
characteristics of schizophrenia that include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and bizarre behavior. They are often the more dramatic symptoms
positive symptoms
undesired response to antipsychotic drugs characterized by involuntary muscle movements, particulary of the face, head, and neck, that may be irreversible in some patients
Tardive dyskinesia (TD)
class of drugs used to treat schizophrenia by blocking a wide range of receptors in addition to the D2 receptor
broad-spectrum antipsychotics
about ____ of those diagnosed with schizophrenia would recovery completely, a further third would be improved over time, leaving the remaining third who would not show any improvement.
1/3
The _____ symptoms include acute dyskinesias and dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, Parkinsonism, akinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
extrapyramidal
Concerning the incidence and severity of schizophrenia,
the incidence of the disorder is highest among young women in their late teens and early twenties.
although treatment is available, about 50% of people with the disorder spend a large part of their lives in psychiatric hospitals.
the disorder is considered to be chronic and incurable.
approximately 5% of the general population will receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia at some point in their lifetimes.
the disorder is considered to be chronic and incurable
The symptoms of schizophrenia that tend to be more difficult to treat are
the negative symptoms and the cogintive symptoms
Which of the following phrases accurately completes the following sentence? Diagnosis of schizophrenia…
is straightforward as most people who are diagnosed experience similar symptoms.
is more common in women than men when symptoms first appear beyond the age of 40 yrs.
can be made following a single episode of hallucinations or delusions.
is never made before the age of 20 yrs.
is more common in women than men when … first appear… 40 years
On average, the brains of people diagnosed with schizophrenia ___ people who have no diagnosis.
contain less brain tissue but the same overall number of neurons as
the most consistent functional abnormality in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia is
hypofrontality
The first antipsychotic medication was
chlorpromazine (thorazine)
Abilify (aripiprazole) can simultaneously decrease DA receptor activation in some brain regions and increase it in others, and this drug is classified as a(n)
partial receptor agonist.
All of the following evidence supports the idea that traditional antipsychotic medications act on the dopamine system except
Question 11 options:
high doses of amphetamine can cause symptoms that resemble the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
there is a positive correlation between the clinical efficacy of an antipsychotic drug and its ability to bind to dopamine receptors.
antipsychotic drugs cause Parkinsonian side effects, which are known to involve dopamine.
giving a person DOPA makes it less likely they’ll show symptoms similar to schizophrenia.
giving a person DOPA makes it less likely they’ll show symptoms similar to schizophrenia.
The dopamine imbalance hypothesis suggests there’s too much activity in the ___ pathway and too little activity in the ___ pathway.
mesolimbic; mesocortical
An important reason for prescribing atypical antipsychotics is
Question 16 options:
A)
they don’t take two weeks to begin working.
B)
they can help with both positive and negative symptoms.
C)
they produce fewer extrapyramidal side effects.
D)
Both B and C
D) both b and c
