Exam 4: Antiprotozoals Flashcards
What are the adverse effects associated with sulfonamides?
Type A:
Crystalluria
Prone to drug interactions due to high protein binding
For sulfaquinoxaline, a hemorrhagic syndrome has been reported due to inhibition of intestinal vitamin K production
Type B: KCS Polyarthropathy Hepatotoxicity Cutaneous drug eruptions Hypothyroidism
What are the adverse effects with lincosamides?
Neuromuscular blockade has been reported, but seems to be of minimal clinical significance
Most adverse reactions relate to GI tract
—In man, related to pseudomembranous colitis due to suppression of endogenous flora allowing overgrowth of Clostridium difficle
—GI problems have been reported following:
——Oral used of lincosamides in ruminants
——Any lincosamide use in horses, rabbits, hamsters, and guinea pigs
What are the adverse effects associated with tetracyclines?
Potential teratogen in 1st trimester
Staining of teeth from in utero exposure of exposure prior to eruption of adult teeth
Hepatotoxicity in pregnant animals
Photosensitivity (demeclocycline)
GI floral disruption
Nephrotoxic in high doses
Expired tetracyclines can be nephrotoxic
Sudden collapse following rapid IV administration
Tissue necrosis and pain at IM, SQ, injection site
Tablets (doxycycline) cause esophageal ulcers in cats
What are the adverse effects associated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine?
Teratogenic
Mild anemia common
Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia have been reported
What are the adverse effects associated with clioquinol?
Unknown if any side effects in horses
In humans, causes subacute myelo-opticoneuropathy
Topical admin in dogs has caused toxicity
What are the adverse effects associated with imidocarb diproprionate?
Cholinergic side effects without atropine pretreatment
What are the adverse effects associated with furazolidone?
Mono-amine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI); use cautiously with drugs metabolized by this enzyme
Mutagenic and procarcinogenic= banned in food animals extra-labelly
What are the adverse effects associated with clindamycin?
Neuromuscular blockade
GI upset, colitis
What are the toxicities/side effects associated with amprolium?
CNS signs from thiamine deficiency (rare)
What are the toxicities/side effects associated with ionophores?
Severe muscle damage, especially cardiac muscle
Myoglobinuria
What are the toxicities/side effects associated with ronidazole?
CNS signs
What are the toxicities/side effects associated with metronidazole?
Neurological distrubances Anorexia; vomiting BM suppression Reddish brown urine May interfere with olfaction in explosive detecting dogs
What are the toxicities/side effects associated with fenbendazole and albendazole?
Bone marrow suppression
Teratogen
What are the toxicities/side effects associated with paronamycin?
Treatment of cats with cryptosporidiosis using oral paronamycin resulted in severe nephrotoxicity
What are the 4 drugs commonly used to treat coccidiosis in puppies?
Ponazuril (preferred)
Amprolium
Sulfonamides
Decoquinate