Exam 4

Question 1

Concert of Europe

Answer 1

1815-1848
Domination by restored monarchies of Europe
Balance of power
4 powers- Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia
Congress of Vienna met for a year 14-15
France attended
No single power should dominate

Question 2

July monarchy

Answer 2

Started with the revolution of 1830 and ended with the revolution in 1848

• King Louis Philippe
• brought back Napoleons remains
• built arc de triomphe
• ruled in favor of wealthy land owners, upper middles

Question 3

Louis XVIII

Answer 3

King of France from 1814-1824
Except for Napoleons 100 days in which he fled
Bourbon monarchy
Experimented with parliamentary government

Question 4

Charter Oath of 1814

Answer 4

The French Charter of 1814 was a constitutional text granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after his restoration, in form of royal charter. The Congress of Vienna demanded that Louis bring in a constitution of some form before he was restored.

• religious tolerations
• no return to pre-1789

Question 5

Alexander I

Answer 5

1801-25
Russia
Most reactionary country of all
Opposed to all change post 1815
Reputation as a great military power
Succeeded by Nicholus I 1825-1855

Question 6

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 6

1769-1821
Napoléon Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was Emperor of the French as Napoleon I from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days.

Question 7

Concordat of 1801

Answer 7

Concordat of 1801, agreement reached on July 15, 1801, between Napoleon Bonaparte and papal and clerical representatives in both Rome and Paris, defining the status of the Roman Catholic Church in France and ending the breach caused by the church reforms and confiscations enacted during the French Revolution.

Question 8

Abbé Sieyès

Answer 8

1748-1836
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, most commonly known as the abbé Sieyès, was a French Roman Catholic abbé, clergyman and political writer. He was one of the chief political theorists of the French Revolution, and also played a prominent role in the French Consulate and First French Empire

Question 9

Civil code of 1804

Answer 9

The Napoleonic Code is the French civil code established under the French Consulate in 1804. It was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on 21 March 1804

Question 10

Thomas Malthus

Answer 10

1766-1834
Malthusianism- population versus resources; war, famine, disease, check population growth
- An Essay on the Principles of Population 1798
-every generation the population will exceed the food supply

Question 11

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 11

1748-1832
Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism. Bentham defined as the “fundamental axiom” of his philosophy the principle that “it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.

Question 12

Great reform act of 1832

Answer 12

Compromise between British elite and middle class
Changed the electoral system

Question 13

Communist Manifesto of 1848

Answer 13

The Communist Manifesto, originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party, is an 1848 political document by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Question 14

Congress of Vienna

Answer 14

Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia
- allowed France to attend
1814-1815
1) no single power should dominate
2) restore all legitimate monarchs
3) fight rise of nationalism and constitutionalism
- Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria) architect of post revolutionary settlement

Question 15

King Louis Philippe

Answer 15

July Monarchy Bourgeois (middle class) monarchy
Accepted charter of 1814
1830-1848
- brought back napoleons remains
- built Arc de Triomphe
- rules in favor of wealthy landowners and upper middles
- plays important part to the industrial revolution as he allows the railroad
1842 napoleons remains returned

Question 16

Charles X

Answer 16

1824-1830
Brother to Louis XVIII
Pain in the rear
Arch conservative 
Wanted to overturn the charter of 1814 
Return to old regime
Revolution of 1830
Political revolt against Charles

Question 17

Klemens von Metternich

Answer 17

1773-1859
Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince of Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein was an Austrian diplomat who was at the center of European affairs for four decades as the Austrian Empire’s foreign minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation
Congress of Vienna
Architect of post revolutionary settlement

Question 18

Nicholas I

Answer 18

Rules after Alexander I
1825-55
Adopted policy of “Orthodoxy, Aristocracy, and Nationalism”
Opposed constitutional monarchy, liberalism, kept serfdom resisted all change

Question 19

NEO imperialism

Answer 19

In historical contexts, New Imperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The period featured an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions

Question 20

Karl Marx

Answer 20

1818-1883
Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. Born in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at university. He married Jenny von Westphalen in 1843
The Communist Manifesto 1848

Question 21

Continental System

Answer 21

in the Napoleonic wars, the blockade designed by Napoleon to paralyze Great Britain through the destruction of British commerce. The decrees of Berlin (November 21, 1806) and Milan (December 17, 1807) proclaimed a blockade: neutrals and French allies were not to trade with the British.

Question 22

Revolutions of 1848

Answer 22

Spring of Nations, People’s Spring, Springtime of the Peoples, or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848.
1846- continent wide recession
1847- nation wide campaign “Dinners”
Jan 1848- Louis Philippe bans dinners
People in Paris rise up
Raises national guard- scuffles- shots fired- hell breaks loose
King Louis abdicates in hopes his son will take over
Feb 1848 2nd French Republic

Question 23

Corn laws

Answer 23

The Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and grain enforced in the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1846. The word “corn” in British English denotes all cereal grains, such as wheat and barley