Exam 3 Flashcards
L’Encyclopédie
1751-1772 (17 vol) - Denis Diderot - Jean d’Alembert 2nd vol banned in France 125,000 sets and copies sold (Half sold outside of France) Besanson 137 sets alone People you wouldn’t have expected bought this
Montesquieu
1689-1755 1721- Persian Letters 1749- L’Esprit des lois 3 forms of fundamental gov 1. Republics - virtue 2. Monarchies - honor 3. Despatism - fear
Voltaire
1694-1778 Anti Catholic Church To crush the infamous thing 1726- fled to England 1729- returned to France and wrote a series of books 1733- Letters on the English 1763- Treatise on Tolerance 1759- Candide (One of the main philosophes and minds)
Philosophes
public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.
- Voltaire
- Montesquieu
- JJ Rousseau
- Immanuel Kant
Adam Smith
1723-1790
1776 The Wealth of Nations
1st political economist
Wrote in opposition of mercantilist philosophy
- gen. Welfare linked to pursuit of ind. interest
Self interest
- Pursue your own interests regardless of the public good (within the law) and the byproduct is a greater good
Enlightenment
European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.
Deism
Before the enlightenment most people believed that God controlled everything and he made everything perfect.
Diest- God exists but with no supernatural intervention. The Earth proceeds according to natural law
Denis Diderot
Business partner with Jean d’Almbert
Frenchman
Helped write the Encyclopedia
Two Treatise on Government
John Locke
1690
- political order begins with defense of property to preserve public good
- majority rule foundation of true political order
- men/women come together, do not give up all their rights- elect an official
- people have a right to overthrow the ruler if he breaks the original agreement
Letter on Toleration
John Locke
1689
Called for broad but not limitless religious toleration
Except for Catholics (absolutism)
The Spirit of the Law
1749- L’Esprit des lois
Montesquieu
argued that political institutions needed, for their success, to reflect the social and geographical aspects of the particular community.
He pleaded for a constitutional system of government with separation of powers, the preservation of legality and civil liberties, and the end of slavery.
Emile
Jean Jacques Rousseau
1762
On Education is a treatise on the nature of education and on the nature of man
considered it to be the “best and most important” of all his writings.
Jean d’Alembert
Business partner of Denis Diderot
Frenchman
Helped write the Encyclopedia (17 vol)
1751-1772
Persian letters
Voltaire
1721
Cultural relativist
- European men grow their hair/shave beards
- ottoman shave head grow beards
- both are right because you must look into their society and way of doing things
Judge them by their own culture
Committee of Public Safety
April 6 1793
12 individuals make up the CoPS and they are all from the NA
Every month 1 person rotated off and a new one on
Max Robespierre- only permanent person
Appointed- revolutionary tribunals
Arrested, tried, convicted, executed
