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Modern Western Civ > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Copernicus

A
  • heliocentric universe (sun)
    -skilled mathematics, highly educated
  • on the revolution of the heavenly spears 1543
    Denounced by Catholics
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2
Q

Johannes Kepler

A 
1571-1630
Studied under Brahe in Prague 
Brought order to Brahe obs.
“Laws of Planetary Motion” 1609-18
Planets move in ellipses 
Mysticism
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3
Q

Galileo Galilei

A 
1564-1642
Court philosopher & math
Used telescope circa 1609
Convinced copernicus is right
Moons of Jupiter 
1612- the starry messenger 
Tall building dropped balls - same speed
Church tells Galilei to stay quiet
1632- dialogue concerning the two chief world systems 
Heresy, guilty, house arrest 
Died blind
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4
Q

Ptolemaic universe

A

Ptolemy
Earth completely stationary and the other planets revolves around it.
Accepted by the church, proved in the Bible
1500 years this was the accepted version
Geocentric

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5
Q

Enclosure movement

A

H

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6
Q

Inductive method

A

Repeated observation of the exact process until it led you to a conclusion
Empiricism- making observation of specific things
Specific -> general

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7
Q

Rene Descartes

A

“I think therefore I am”
1632- Discourse on method
“I am going to doubt everything I was taught”
Jesuit school- best education
Worried that people’s doubt would lead to the end of the search for truth
Plotted algebraic equations on a graph, first person to do so
Doubted everything

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8
Q

Novum Organum

A

New tools 1620
Francis Bacon
The empire of man over things is founded on the science… for nature is only to be commanded by obeying her”

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9
Q

Four elements

A

1) Earth
2) water
3) air
4) fire
Medieval chemistry
Fire closest to God because it reaches to the heavens

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10
Q

University of Padua

A

H

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11
Q

Francis Bacon

A 
1561-1625
English politician
Knowledge is power
Novum Organum- New tools 1620
Science - masculine
Nature- feminine 
1621- ran out of office
1625- dies
Wasn’t a scientist didn’t appreciate it or math
Inductive method lots of observation general rules
(Inductive method)
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12
Q

Divine Right of Kings

A

the doctrine that kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects, from which it follows that rebellion is the worst of political crimes. It was claimed in Britain by the earlier Stuarts and is also associated with the absolutism of Louis XIV of France.

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13
Q

Principia Mathematica

A

Isaac Newton
1687- 3 vol (Latin)
Mathematical principles of natural philosophy or mathematics of science
- brought together Galileos study of motion on earth and Keplers discoveries of motion in the heavens

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14
Q

Isaac Newton

A 
1642-1727
Born during English Civil War
Born the year Galileo died
Professor at Cambridge university
1687- 3 vol Principia Mathematica
Graduated at 21
1st Lucasian Prof of mathematics 
Combined inductive and deductive
Explained universal motion
Newton’s 3 laws of motion
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15
Q

Ptolemy

A

Ptolemaic
Geocentric universe
(Earth centered)
Most highly respected in cosmology and geography
For 1500 years everyone believed that the earth was stationary and all the other planets circled it.
Church accepted this

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16
Q

Tycho Brahe

A 
1546-1601
Danish royal astronomer
Meticulous observer of night sky
Made nightly maps of the stars for 20 years
Disagreed with perfect circular motion
1572-73 new star (Crab Nebula?) 
1577- crashes through crystalline spheres
Geoheliocentric universe
17
Q

Absolutism

A

King wanted all the power

Parliament fought this

18
Q

On the revolution of the heavenly spheres

A

1543
Copernicus
What if the sun was where the earth were at in the center of the universe?
Wrote it in his death bed

19
Q

Deductive method

A 
Valid if and only if it is impossible for all the premises to be true and the conclusion false
Rene Descartes
General to specific
1) Socrates is a man
2) all men are mortal
3) Socrates is mortal
20
Q

Keplers 3 Laws of motion

A

1609- the orbit of a planet about a star is an ellipse with the star at one focus
1609- a line joining a planet and its star sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time
1618- the square of the sidereal period of an orbiting planet is directly proportional to the cube of the orbits semi major axis

21
Q

Mentalité

A

Noun. mentalité (plural mentalités) A person’s feelings about the wider society and world they live in, and their place within it; a worldview, outlook

22
Q

Medieval symbolism

A

H

23
Q

Quintessence

A

The 5th element
Ether
Perfect spiritual substance

24
Q

Discourse on method

A 
Rene Descartes
1632
Doubts everything
I think therefore I am
Deductive
25
Q

T-O map

A

H

26
Q

Geoheliocentric

A

Tycho Brahe
An early model of the solar system that put Earth at the centre, and had Sun and Moon orbiting the Earth with other planets revolving about the Sun.

27
Q

English civil war

A

H

Modern Western Civ (4 decks)

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