Exam 1 Flashcards
Extra - economic coercion
The lords had a monopoly over “extra economic coercion” or over the rules of violence (protection)
- physical threat of violence
Feudalism
The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
(Mode of production)
Open field village
85% of all peasants lived in a common or open field village.
Can fish but they cannot hunt.
They were a tight knit community that helped each other out and listened to the elders for advice.
Lordship
Man with title
Subsistence agriculture
Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow food crops to feed themselves and their families. In subsistence agriculture, farm output is targeted to survival and is mostly for local requirements with little or no surplus trade
Martin Luther
1483-1546
Studied law until a storm scared him into submitting to God and he became a monk and studied theology.
Knows 6 diff languages
95 thesis
Personal salvation
Translated the Bible to Greek while in hiding
Aristocrats/ Nobles
We’re under the king and we’re the ones with food and supplies. Lived on manors
October 31, 1517
Martin Luther nailed the 95 thesis to the Church door in Wittenburg
Denounces indulgences
Challenged Rome
Indulgences
An attempt to bribe God
Frederick of Saxony protects Luther and supports the ban of indulgences in Germany
Three field crop rotation
Elders of the village decided what to plant and where to plant
Lutheranism
Did not believe in religious tolerance
Only way you can be a Lutheran is if your ruler is also a Lutheran
Communion- the presence of the savior is in the bread and wine
Grace is a freely given gift of salvation
Take a leap of faith
Mode of production
Mode of production refers to the varied ways that human beings collectively produce the means of subsistence in order to survive and enhance social being. Marx believed that human history could be characterized by the dominant modes of production. In this sense the term refers to a specific economic system.
Justification by faith
Saved by your faith
Martin Luther
Banalités
Fees and dues
Compulsory monopoly
Lord owns the only bull or wine press and peasants have to pay a fee to use these items
Society of Jesus
Established during the council of Trent.
is a religious order of the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded by Ignatius of Loyola with the approval of Pope Paul III in 1540. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations.
Pasture land village
Only 15% of peasants lived here. Not really villages because they could live a couple miles from the next person. They could do whatever they wanted but if they made a mistake it could lead to their ruin and death as neighbors were less likely to help.
Manorialism
Manorialism or Seigneurialism is the name for the organization of the economy in the Middle Ages. The economy relied mainly on agriculture. Manorialism describes how land was distributed and who profited from the land. A lord received a piece of land, usually from a higher nobleman, or from the king.
Divine right of kings
the doctrine that kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects, from which it follows that rebellion is the worst of political crimes. It was claimed in Britain by the earlier Stuarts and is also associated with the absolutism of Louis XIV of France.
Sola fide
Faith alone
Latin
Martin Luther
Double predestination
God already knew if you were going to heaven or hell Knows this because he is all knowing Idea of the elect -live your life as a monk - honor God in all you do
John Calvin
Most important 2nd generation Protestant
Systematic theologian- advanced in French areas
Faith in Christ alone- supports Luther
Hides in Geneva after a warrant is put out by the king of France and turns it into a Protestant hot bed
Has a different interpretation of communion
Socrates
Most famous suicide Wordsmith Corrupting the young people of Athens Willing to die for his beliefs -Plato was his apprentice
1st 2nd 3rd estates
France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners).
Holy Roman Empire
Where the Pope was
This is where the orders came from
Voltaire said the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy nor Roman nor an empire
