Exam 1

Question 1

Extra - economic coercion

Answer 1

The lords had a monopoly over “extra economic coercion” or over the rules of violence (protection)
- physical threat of violence

Question 2

Feudalism

Answer 2

The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
(Mode of production)

Question 3

Open field village

Answer 3

85% of all peasants lived in a common or open field village.
Can fish but they cannot hunt.
They were a tight knit community that helped each other out and listened to the elders for advice.

Question 4

Lordship

Answer 4

Man with title

Question 5

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 5

Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow food crops to feed themselves and their families. In subsistence agriculture, farm output is targeted to survival and is mostly for local requirements with little or no surplus trade

Question 6

Martin Luther

Answer 6

1483-1546
Studied law until a storm scared him into submitting to God and he became a monk and studied theology.
Knows 6 diff languages
95 thesis
Personal salvation
Translated the Bible to Greek while in hiding

Question 7

Aristocrats/ Nobles

Answer 7

We’re under the king and we’re the ones with food and supplies. Lived on manors

Question 8

October 31, 1517

Answer 8

Martin Luther nailed the 95 thesis to the Church door in Wittenburg
Denounces indulgences
Challenged Rome

Question 9

Indulgences

Answer 9

An attempt to bribe God

Frederick of Saxony protects Luther and supports the ban of indulgences in Germany

Question 10

Three field crop rotation

Answer 10

Elders of the village decided what to plant and where to plant

Question 11

Lutheranism

Answer 11

Did not believe in religious tolerance
Only way you can be a Lutheran is if your ruler is also a Lutheran
Communion- the presence of the savior is in the bread and wine
Grace is a freely given gift of salvation
Take a leap of faith

Question 12

Mode of production

Answer 12

Mode of production refers to the varied ways that human beings collectively produce the means of subsistence in order to survive and enhance social being. Marx believed that human history could be characterized by the dominant modes of production. In this sense the term refers to a specific economic system.

Question 13

Justification by faith

Answer 13

Saved by your faith

Martin Luther

Question 14

Banalités

Answer 14

Fees and dues
Compulsory monopoly
Lord owns the only bull or wine press and peasants have to pay a fee to use these items

Question 15

Society of Jesus

Answer 15

Established during the council of Trent.
is a religious order of the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded by Ignatius of Loyola with the approval of Pope Paul III in 1540. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations.

Question 16

Pasture land village

Answer 16

Only 15% of peasants lived here. Not really villages because they could live a couple miles from the next person. They could do whatever they wanted but if they made a mistake it could lead to their ruin and death as neighbors were less likely to help.

Question 17

Manorialism

Answer 17

Manorialism or Seigneurialism is the name for the organization of the economy in the Middle Ages. The economy relied mainly on agriculture. Manorialism describes how land was distributed and who profited from the land. A lord received a piece of land, usually from a higher nobleman, or from the king.

Question 18

Divine right of kings

Answer 18

the doctrine that kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects, from which it follows that rebellion is the worst of political crimes. It was claimed in Britain by the earlier Stuarts and is also associated with the absolutism of Louis XIV of France.

Question 19

Sola fide

Answer 19

Faith alone
Latin
Martin Luther

Question 20

Double predestination

Answer 20

God already knew if you were going to heaven or hell
Knows this because he is all knowing
Idea of the elect
-live your life as a monk
- honor God in all you do

Question 21

John Calvin

Answer 21

Most important 2nd generation Protestant
Systematic theologian- advanced in French areas
Faith in Christ alone- supports Luther
Hides in Geneva after a warrant is put out by the king of France and turns it into a Protestant hot bed
Has a different interpretation of communion

Question 22

Socrates

Answer 22

Most famous suicide
Wordsmith
Corrupting the young people of Athens
Willing to die for his beliefs 
-Plato was his apprentice

Question 23

1st 2nd 3rd estates

Answer 23

France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners).

Question 24

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 24

Where the Pope was
This is where the orders came from
Voltaire said the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy nor Roman nor an empire

Question 25

Sola scriptura

Answer 25

Scripture alone

No salvation outside of the Bible

Question 26

Calvinism

Answer 26

Communion- symbolic re-enactment of last supper
Only baptism and communion
More politically active than Luther
Calvinism spreads where Lutheranism did not

Question 27

Protestant reformation

Answer 27

The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Its religious aspects were supplemented by ambitious political rulers who wanted to extend their power and control at the expense of the Church.

Question 28

Priesthood of all believers

Answer 28

Martin Luther

Be your own priest

Question 29

Council of Trent

Answer 29

1545-63
Re affirmed catholic teachings
Prompted by the Protestant reformation
Brightest of the bright- most people went to their schools

Question 30

Catholic reformation

Answer 30

Thought it was due to Luther and Calvin but was more than that.
Complete remake of the Catholic Church from top to bottom.
Took about 200 years to be completed