Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ichthyology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Stream order increases when

A

two streams of the same order join to form a larger stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Factors affecting fish distribution

A

1) temperature
2) Gradient
3) Fluctuation in flow
4) Habitat complexity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does temperature affect fish distribution

A
  • Warm water (24-26 C) leads to bass, catfish, minnows

- Cold water leads to trout, sculpins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does gradient (meters drop per km) affect fish distribution

A
  • affects velocity and substrate
  • affects daily and seasonal temp
  • at lower reaches, converges to a lake-like habitat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

headwaters characteristics

A
  • shaded
  • production/respiraction less than 1.0
  • Allochtonous carbon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mid-reaches characteristics

A
  • more open, sunlight
  • shallow, light reaches bottom
  • Autochtonous carbon
  • production/respiration >1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lower reaches characteristics

A
  • open, but deep, turbid
  • less light to bottom
  • more like a lake
  • production/respiration < 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

increasing depth provides:

A 
new niches (more habitat complexity 
so species richness will increase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Objectives of the owego creek study

A

-evaluate fish community change in upper creek between 1963 and 2003-04

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extripations from owego creek study

A
  • Stoneroller
  • redside dace
  • Swallowtail shiner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Apparent declines from owego study

A
  • Common shiner
  • spottail shiner
  • shield darter
  • nourthern hog sucker
  • white sucker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why may there have been declines and extraptations of fish in the owego creek

A
  • all 6 reside in the midwaters and can be seen by predators easily
  • predator may be the brown trout (from stocking waters)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why did new fish arrive at owego creek

A
  • these species are orignially from the allegany basin and are expanding their ranges into the owego basin
  • greenside darter, banded darter, mimic shiner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conclusions from owego creek study

A
  • Upper reaches of 3rd order show marked changes with extripations and new invasions
  • Trout stocking of 12” browns may be primary cause of changes in minnow population
  • Sticklebacks have replaced banded killifish, possibly due to the expansion of rockbass distribution (due to increase in water temp)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effects of sediment on fish

A
  • spawning disruption
  • reduced larval survival, reproduction
  • lower foraging efficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

evidence of spawning disruption from sediment effects

A

-increased sediment leads to decreased spawning frequency, delayed spawning, and decrease in proportion of ripe eggs

17
Q

evidence of reduced larval survival and reproduction due to an increase of sediment

A
  • decrease yoy growth rate
  • increase in stress enzyme lvl
  • decreased spawning success
  • increase in gill damage
18
Q

evidence of lower foraging efficiency due to an increase of sediment

A

-increase in turbidity leads to a decrease in reactive distance and capture success

19
Q

what fish is an example of an ulimate cosmopolitan fish

A
  • bluegill sunfish

- adapts wherever introduced

20
Q

Field evidence for land use effects of fish

A

1) loss of relatively specialized species
2) spread or persistence of generalized species
3) Faunal homogenization

21
Q

Increase in deforestation and buildings =

A

-fewer endemic species
more cosmopolitan species
-species richness increased with land use intensity

22
Q

How faunas become homogenized

A

1) Transportation and invasion by non-indigenous spp
2) invaders make the habitat less favorable for endemics (disturbance)
3) gradual replacement of local endemics by widespread generalists

23
Q

Habitat loss/modification

A
  • trawling
  • channelization
  • dam building
24
Q

Trawling effects

A
  • big heavy net with steel doors rips apart the sea floor when dragged across
  • takes the big fish away from the juvenilles
  • mining resources, some of this fish can’t reproduce quickly and could extripate them
25
Q

Channelization effects

A

-takes habitat away from the fish and gives them a habitat that is not ideal or suitable

26
Q

Effects of dam building

A
  • changes in river flow, sediment transport, water quality
  • changes in fish habitat, quality and productivity
  • obstruction in fish migration routes and habitat connectivity
  • fish cant swim to where they used to spawn
27
Q

Why aren’t fish ladders useful in most cases

A

-fish dont use them, and theyre not around long enough for the migration route to pass on to the offspring

28
Q

Catfish problems with dams

A
  • larvae do not swim to the nursery where they’re supposed to go, and instead swim to a different, quite place and stay there
  • also catfish are not going past the ladder to spawn
  • this fish wont last much longer in the rivers
29
Q

More impacts of dams

A
  • blocks fish migration
  • disrupted flow of sediments and water
  • contributes to global warming
  • triggers earthquakes
30
Q

Problems and issues in fisheries management

A
  • Over-fishing
  • Destabilized fish populations
  • By-catch, non target species
  • Aquarium fishes
31
Q

MPA

A
  • marine protected area

- protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or large lakes

32
Q

Benefits of marine reserves

A
  • protection of habitat
  • conservation of biodiversity
  • protection of ecosystem services
  • recovery of depleted stocks of exploited species
  • sites for scientific investigation
33
Q

MPAs in the beginning were

A

-extensions of terrestrial protected areas and included for ease of drawing boundaries

34
Q

MPAs today

A

-majority are adjacent to coast/close inshore, but some can cover all seas

35
Q

Why are aquarium fishes a problem in fisheries management

A
  • 99% of marine fishes are wild caught (hard to breed due to egg size)
  • over 66% mortality rate
36
Q

Marine reserves network

A
  • set of marine reserves within biogeographic regions connected by larval dispersal
  • no-take areas
37
Q

Global climate change

A
  • ocean acidification
  • coral reef bleaching
  • sea level increase
  • increase in drought and flooding
  • changes in community assembly
38
Q

changes in community assembly due to climate change

A
  • loss of coldwater species, replacement by warm water species
  • reduction in range of kelp forests

Ichthyology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions