Exam 4 Flashcards
Acid
pH less than 7
H30 is greater than OH
Energy needed to start some spontaneous process
Process continues without outside stimulus or energy
Activation Energy
Alpha
Helix-Structure in proteins that are maintained by hydrogen bonds
Particle-makes up alpha rays identical to helium w/ 2 protons and 2 neutrons
Arrhenius acid
Provides H+
Arrhenius base
Provides OH-
Base
pH greater than 7
Beta
Makes up beta rays
Identical to electron
Produced in nucleus
Neutron changes into proton + electron
Brønsted acid
Donating H+
Brønsted base
Accepting H+
Buffer
A solution with the ability to resist changing pH when acids (H+) or bases (OH-) are added
Catalyst
Increases reaction rates
Not used up in reaction
Covalent
Attractive force that results between two atoms that are attracted to a shared pair of electrons
Critical
Mass-min amount of material needed to sustain a constant critical chain reaction
Reaction-constant rate chain reaction
Diprotic Acid
Gives up 2 protons of H+ per molecule when dissolved in water
Electrolyte
A solute that when dissolved in water forms a solution hat conducts electricity
Endothermic
Absorbs heat
Endpoint
Where the titration stops and color change for pH
Equilibrium
Reactant and product concentrations are equal
Forward and reverse reactions equal
Exothermic
Gets rid of heat
Fission
Large nuclei split into smaller
Equal size nuclei when bombarded by neutrons
Fusion
Combine nuclei to form larger ones
H3O
Produced when H is added to water because you can’t have free hydrogen in water
Half life
The time it takes for One half of an unstable nuclei to undergo radioactive decay
Hydrogen bond
The result of attractive dipolar forced between molecules hydrogen is bonded to electronegative elements
Inhibitor
A substance that decreases reaction rates
Ionic bond
Force that holds together ions of opposite charge
Molarity
Moles per liter
Non-electrolyte
A solute that when dissolved in water forms a solution that doesn’t conduct electricity
Positron
Positively charged electron
Product
Right side of equation
Produced as result of a reaction
Reactant
Left side of equation
Substances that undergo chemical change
Saturated hydrocarbon (Alkane)
Saturated solution-max amount of dissolved solute in stable situation
Spontaneous
Process that takes place naturally without stimulation
Supercritical
Unstable solution with greater amount of solute under prevailing conditions
A branching chain reaction
Unsaturated
A hydrocarbon containing one or more multiple bonds (not max amount of solute?)
Activated complex
Structure at max energy point along reaction complex
Amphiprotic
Can act as acid or base by accepting or donating a proton or H
Autoionization
An atom or molecule is in an excited state spontaneously emits an outer shell electron
H20+H2O becomes OH and H3O
Breeding
Traits developed through artificial selection or other
Combustion
Burning.
Produces CO2 and water
Enthalpy
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system
Energy
Property transferred to an object in order to perform work on it
Indicator
A substance that undergoes an observable change when conditions in its solution change
Nonspontanious
Endergonic
Can’t occur without input of work
Neutron
Particle in atom with neutral charge
OH-
Base
pH
Potential of Hydrogen
Measure of hydrogen
Scale of acidity
pOH
pOH= -log[OH-] pH + pOH = 14
Proton
Positive particle
Titration
Used to determine unknown concentration of an identified analyte
