Exam 3 Flashcards
Absolute zero
The temperature at which all motion stops; a value of 0 on the Kelvin scale
Barometer
an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used especially in forecasting the weather and determining altitude.
Combination
A chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance
Combustion
Oxygen reacts
H20 and CO2 are products
Condensation
An exothermic process in which a gas or vapor is changed to a liquid or solid
A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds. These reactions often involve an energy source such as heat, light, or electricity that breaks apart the bonds of compounds.
Decomposition
Deposition
The direct solidification of a vapor by cooling; the reverse of sublimation.
Double replacement
A chemical reaction in which two compounds react and exchange partners to form two new compounds
A reaction that ABSORBS heat
Endothermic
An endothermic process in which a liquid is changed to a gas; also called vaporization
Evaporation
A reaction that RELEASES heat
Exothermic
(of a liquid) be turned into ice or another solid as a result of extreme cold.
“in the winter the milk froze”
Freezing
The result of attractive dipolar forces between molecules in which hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to electronegative elements (O,N or F)
Hydrogen bond
The energy a particle has as a result of its motion KE=1/2mv^2
Kinetic
Melting
The temp at which a solid changes to a liquid and they both have equal vapor pressure
In chemistry, the molar mass M is a physical property defined as the mass of a given substance divided by the amount of substance. The base SI unit for molar mass is kg/mol.
Molar mass
Molarity
Moles per liter
The # of particles contained in a sample element or compound with a mass in grams = to atomic or molecular weight
I mol= 6.022 x 10^23 particles
Moles
A reaction in which an acid and a base react completely leaving a solution that contains only salt and water
Neutralization
A solute that when dissolved in water forms a solution that does not conduct electricity
Non-electrolyte
The process in which a solvent flows through a semipermeable membrane into a solution (dialysis)
Osmosis
Observed changes without changes in composition
Physical
Precipitate
a precipitate is an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution
Product
The substances produced as a result of a reaction taking place. Written on right side of equation representing reaction
Reactant
The substances that undergo change in a reaction (left side of equation)
Saturated
A solution that contains the max amount of dissolved solute in a stable situation
Single replacement
A reaction in which an element reacts with a compound and displaces another element from the compound
Solute
One or more substances present in a solution of lesser concentrations
Solution
Homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances
Solvent
The substance present in a solution with the largest amount
Supersaturated
An unstable solution containing a solute greater than solubility
Sublimation
An endothermic process where a solid is changed directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state
Unsaturated
Solute concentration is lower than solubility
Vaporization
Liquid to a gas aka evaporation
Vapor pressure
Pressure exerted by a vapor that is in equilibrium with its liquid
