Exam 4 Flashcards
What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?
Catabolic pathways
What is the term used for the metabolic pathway in which glucose is degraded in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide and water?
Cellular respiration
Which of the following statements are correct about an oxidation reduction reaction?
A and B are correct
Which statement is not correct with regard to redox reaction’s?
A molecule is reduced if it loses electrons
The molecule that functions as the reducing agent and a redox or oxidation reduction reaction
Loses electrons and loses energy
Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction?
C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced
When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen Adam as a result of an oxidation reduction reaction the molecule becomes
Oxidized
When a molecule of NAD+ Gains a hydrogen atom the molecule becomes
Reduced
Where does glycolysis take place
Cytosol
The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
Substrate level phosphorylation
Which process and eukaryotic cells will proceed normally weather oxygen is present or absent
Glycolysis
Substrate level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis?
100%
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis
NADH and pyruvate
Starting with one molecule of glucose, the net products of glycolysis are
2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O
In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate
2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced
Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon from one molecule of pyruvate?
Acetyl COA
Where in cellular respiration acetyl COA accumulates in which location?
Mitochondrial matrix
Cellular respiration harvest the most chemical energy from which of the following
Chemiosmotic phosphorylation
During aerobic respiration, electrons travel down hill in which sequence?
Food –> NADH –> electron transport chain –> oxygen
Where do you catabolic products of fatty acid break down enter into the citric acid cycle
Acetyl COA
The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
Act as in a scepter for electrons and hydrogen, forming water
Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons flow which pathway?
Citric acid cycle –> NADH –> electron transport chain –> oxygen
Approximately what percentage of the energy of glucose is transferred to stored in ATP as a result of the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water in cellular respiration?
40%
Fermentation takes place in the
Mitochondrial inner
Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to___, and in this step gain___
Lactate; NAD+
In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of
ATP, CO2, and ethanol
In alcohol fermentation, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH during the
Reduction of acetylaldehyde to ethanol
The final electron The scepter of the electron transport chain that functions in oxidative phosphorylation is
Oxygen
Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle
ATP and NADPH
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
Stroma of the chloroplast
The Reaction Center, Chlorophyll of photosystem one is known as P 700 because
The pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700nm
What are the products of noncyclic phosphorylation?
ATP and NADPH
What does cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produce
A, B, and C
Where do the enzymatic reactions of Calvin cycle take place?
Stroma of the chloroplast
What is the primary function of the cell cycle?
Synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide
Which of the following is required in the Calvin
A, B, and C
One carbon dioxide molecule reacts in each turn of the Calvin cycle. How many turns of the cycle are required for the synthesis of one glucose molecule?
6
The plant that Inc. CO2 first into ocaloacetate can be best characterized as a
C4 plants
CAM Plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
Fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
C4 plants differ from C3 and CAM Plants in that C4 plants
Transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs
Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism
Both photosynthesis and respiration
Reduction of oxygen which forms water
Respiration
Reduction of NADP+
Photosynthesis
The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds
Both photosynthesis and respiration
Generation of proton gradients across membranes
Both photosynthesis and respiration
Produces molecular oxygen
Light reactions alone
Requires ATP
The Calvin cycle alone
Produces NADH
Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
Produces NADPH
Light reactions alone
