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Biology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

A

Light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells

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2
Q

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

A

Gap junctions

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3
Q

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in

A

Gap junctions

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4
Q

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal so to the cytoplasm of an adjacent so true

A

Gap junctions

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5
Q

In the fractionation of homogenized sells using since your fusion the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pallet is the

A

Size and weight of the component

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6
Q

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

A

Standard light microscopy

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7
Q

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes

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8
Q

What produces an modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted

A

Golgi apparatus

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9
Q

What contains hydrolytic enzymes

A

Lysosome

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10
Q

What helps to recycle the cells organic material

A

Lysosome

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11
Q

What is one of the main energy transformers of cells

A

Mitochondrion

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12
Q

White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?

A

Phagocytosis

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13
Q

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

Defective LDL receptors on the cell membranes

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14
Q

The difference between Pinot cytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis is that

A

Pinocytosis brings only water into the cell, but receptor mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well

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15
Q

And hypotonic solution and animal cell will

A

Lyse

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16
Q

A membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it is called a___

A

Selectively permeable

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17
Q

The random movement of like molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called

A

Simple diffusion

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18
Q

During osmosis____moves across the cell membrane

A

Water

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19
Q

Water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane down a potential gradient from a___

A

Hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution

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20
Q

If a red blood cells and a plant cell or placed in distilled water, water will move into the red blood cells into the red blood cell____and into the plant cell until the plant cell____

A

Burst; develops enough turgor to oppose movement of water

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21
Q

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient exerts a force called

A

Osmotic pressure

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22
Q

If a reason his place in concentrated sugar water, water will move___into the raisin in the sugar water surrounding the reason is said to be ____ with respect to the inside of the raisin

A

Into; hypotonic

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23
Q

One plant cells are exposed to a hypotonic solution they____and exhibit the phenomenon

A

Expand; turgor pressure

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24
Q

And plant cells are exposed to a hypertonic solution they___and exhibit the phenomenon called

A

Shrink; plasmolysis

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25
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of membrane transport requires the expenditure of ATP by the cell

A

Active transport

26
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of membrane transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient?

A

Active transport

27
Q

Facility diffusion of glucose requires

A

A membrane protein carrier

28
Q

Cells take in large amounts of material by fusing parts of the membrane around the material. This process is called

A

Phagocytosis

29
Q

Cells taken small amounts of soluble material by forming in word folds of the membrane. This process is called

A

Pinocytosis

30
Q

The process that sells used to expel small amounts of material by placing them in membrane vesicles and fusing the vesicles to the plasma membrane is called

A

Exocytosis

31
Q

The small channels that plant cells have through which molecules can pass from one plant cell to it’s neighbor are called

A

Plasmodesmata

32
Q

Which of the following describes some aspect of metabolism

A

A, B, and C

33
Q

Which term most precisely describe the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones

A

Catabolism

34
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describe Catabolic pathways

A

They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers

35
Q

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

36
Q

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law

A

The organism ultimately must obtain all the necessary energy for life from its environment

37
Q

According to the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can be neither created nor destroyed

38
Q

Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the

A

Entropy of the universe

39
Q

Which of the following forms of energy is least available to accomplish cellular work?

A

Thermal energy, heat

40
Q

Chemical reaction that has a positive G is correctly described as

A

Endergonic

41
Q

Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism

A

It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions

42
Q

An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by

A

Lowering the energy of activation of a reaction

43
Q

What is a non-protein helper of an enzyme molecule called?

A

Coenzyme

44
Q

Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The Tzanck most likely functions as a

A

Cofactor necessary for enzyme activity

45
Q

The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits a earlier step in the pathway known as

A

Feedback inhibition

46
Q

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor or decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?

A

By changing the structure of the enzyme

47
Q

choose the pair of terms that correctly complete this sentence

A

Exergonic; Endergonic

48
Q

Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?

A

Competitive inhibition

49
Q

Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because

A

Temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell

50
Q

According to the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy is conserved in all processes

51
Q

Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a Net influx of energy from some other process?

A

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

52
Q

In a bacterium, we will find DNA in

A

The nucleoid

53
Q

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells

A

Centrosomes

54
Q

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes

A

It regulates the movement of proteins and RNA into and out of the nucleus

55
Q

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells

A

Mitochondrion

56
Q

Which of the following is not true? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria

A

Are apart of the endomembrane system

57
Q

Which of the following produces in modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted

A

Golgi Apparatus

58
Q

What is most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell

A

ER–>Golgi–>vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

59
Q

Tay-Sachs diseases that human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with a very large complex and I just and lipids, which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

A

The lysosome

60
Q

The liver is involved in detoxification of many voices and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?

A

Smooth ER

Biology (11 decks)

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