Exam 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Anterior Abdominal Wall
A
- 3 layers of muscle
- 3 layers of abdominal fascia
- 1 muscle between layers
2
Q
Anterior Lateral Muscles
A
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transverse abdominis
- upper 3 all insert into abdominal fascia
- rectus abdominis: between layers of abdominal fascia
3
Q
Layers of Abdominal Fascia
A
- aponeurosis of: external and internal oblique, transverse abdominis
- join centrally between 2 rectus abdominis muscles to form linea alba (where they crisscross)
- three layers of abdominal fascia
- centrally joined to form linea alba
- arcuate line: approximately 1/2 way between umbilicus and pubic bone
4
Q
Above Arcuate Line
A
- external oblique aponeurosis is anterior to rectus abdominis
- internal oblique aponeurosis split with half anterior to rectus abdominis and half behind
- transverse abdominis aponeurosis is behind rectus abdominis
5
Q
Below Arcuate Line
A
-all layers of abdominal fascia go anterior to rectus abdomins muscle
6
Q
Inguinal Canal
A
- parallel and superior to inguinal ligament
- contains spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females
- cremaster muscle, testicular artery and vein, ilioinguinal nerve, fascia through inguinal ring into scrotum, and genito femoral nerve
- round ligament into labia majora
7
Q
What goes through inguinal canal?
A
-spermatic cord, testicular artery and vein, Ilioinguinal nerve, cremaster muscle, genitofemoral nerve go through canal
8
Q
Cremaster Muscle
A
- males: from internal oblique, through inguinal canal to testis and spermatic cord
- raise or lower testis for temperature control (sperm production) and during sexual arousal
- females: remnant may be found with round ligament into labia majora
9
Q
Pelvic Floor Muscles
A
- levator ani group
- puborectalis: form a sling from pubic bone, around rectum to pubic bone
- iliococcygeus: ischium to coccyx
- pubococcygeus: pubic bone to coccyx
10
Q
Nerves of Anterior Abdominal Wall
A
- ilioinguinal: L1, skin of scrotum/labia majora, adjacent medial thigh
- genitofemoral: skin over femoral triangle and scrotum/labia major, cremaster muscle
11
Q
Liver
A
- on right just below diaphragm
- detoxification of metabolites
- protein synthesis
- digestion biochemical
- gall bladder: inferior to liver, bile storage, breaks down fats
12
Q
Stomach
A
- esophagus: leads into
- smooth muscle
- sphincter at top and bottom
- exit into small intestine
13
Q
Small Intestine
A
- 22 feet
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
14
Q
Large Intestine
A
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid
- rectum
- appendix is located right at beginning before it starts ascending
15
Q
Pancreas
A
- behind stomach
- endocrine gland
16
Q
Kidneys
A
- bean shaped
- posterior (back pain)
- filter blood of waste
- empty via ureter into bladder
- urethra
- renal arteries and veins that come off of aorta and send blood to kidneys to be filtered
17
Q
Sperm Travel
A
- testicles
- epididymis (folding part of it-mullet)
- vas deferens
- prostate
- urethra
18
Q
Female External Genitals
A
- labia majora
- labia minora
- clitoris
19
Q
Female Internal Genitals
A
- vagina
- cervix
- uterus
- fallopian tubes
- ovaries
20
Q
Cranial Meninges
A
- dura mater: external, thick, dense fibrous membrane
- arachnoid mater: intermediate, delicate membrane
- pia mater: internal delicate membrane
- CSF: nutrition, cushions brain, gets rid of waste, in subarachnoid space
21
Q
Parts of Brain
A
- cerebrum: R&L hemispheres; emotions, hearing, vision, voluntary movement, sensory processing, speech
- cerebellum
- brainstem
22
Q
Lobes of Cerebrum
A
- occipital
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- insular
23
Q
Frontal Lobes
A
- reward
- attention
- short term memory
- planning
- motivation
- primary motor cortex
24
Q
Parietal Lobe
A
- primary sensory cortex
- touch
- language
- proprioception
- temperature
- pain
- numbers, mathematics
25
Q
Temporal Lobe
A
-processing sensory from: visual memory, auditory, language
26
Q
Occipital Lobe
A
-visual processing
27
Q
Blood Supply to Brain
A
- internal carotid artery
- basilar artery: from vertebral arteries
- anterior communicating and posterior communicating to form circle of willis
28
Q
Cerebellum
A
- two hemispheres
- dorsal to midbrain
- motor function, coordination, fine motor control, equilibrium, posture control
29
Q
Brain Stem
A
- midbrain (mesencephalon):vision, hearing, motor control, arousal, temperature regulation
- pons: sleep, respiration, breathing, bladder control, eye movement, posture
- medulla: breathing, heart rate, BP
30
Q
Cranial Nerves
A
- CN I: olfactory. smell
- CN II: optic, vision
- CN III: ophthalmic, occulomotor, small muscles of eye
- CN IV: trochlear, small muscles of eye
- CN V: trigeminal, mastication, sensory to face
- CN VI: abducens, small muscles of eye
- CN VII: facial, facial expression
- CN VIII: vestibulocochlear, balance and hearing
- CN IX: glossopharyngeal, upper throat and back of tongue
- CN X: vagus, voice GI
- CN XI: spinal accessory, trapezius, SCM
- CN XII: hypoglossal, tongue
31
Q
Where Cranial Nerves Pass Through
A
- CN I: cribriform plate of ethmoid
- CN II: optic canal
- CN III: superior orbital fissure
- CN IV: superior orbital fissure
- CN V: V1-superior orbital fissure V2-foramen rotundum V3-foramen ovale
- CN VI: superior orbital fissure
- CN VII: internal auditory meatus
- CN VIII: internal auditory meatus
- CN IV: jugular foramen
- CN V: jugular foramen
- CN VI: jugular foramen
- CN XII: hypoglossal canal
32
Q
Spinal Cord
A
- arises from medulla oblongata
- ends in adult about T12, L1
- conus medullaris: terminal end of cord
- cauda equina: lumbar and sacral nerve roots off cord but within spinal canal
- filum terminale: thread from conus medullaris to coccyx
33
Q
Spinal Nerve
A
- dorsal roots: sensory; dorsal root ganglion, cell bodies
- ventral roots: motor
- radicular arteries: dorsal and ventral run with spinal nerve roots
- SAME DAVE: sensory afferent, motor efferent, dorsal afferent, ventral efferent
34
Q
Tracks of Spinal Cord
A
- ascending: sensory
- descending: motor
