exam 4

Question 1

the elementary forms of religious life

• creator
• when does religion and society emerge

Answer 1

• emile durkheim

- when people are able to separate the sphere of the profane from the sphere of the sacred

Question 2

sphere of the profane

• definition
• ex

Answer 2

• ordinary day to day activities and ordinary use of objects

- we need to eat and drink for survival

Question 3

sphere of the sacred

• definition
• ex

Answer 3

• use of ordinary objects in transcendent ways

- the Eucharist bc it symbolizes the blood of christ

Question 4

5 stages of religious evolution

Answer 4

1. primitive religion
2. archaic religion
3. historic religion
4. early modern religion
5. modern religion

Question 5

primitive religion

• type of religion
• definition
• institutions
• what are gods

Answer 5

• animism
• religion and society are fused
• no specialized institutions
• “ideas” that we pray to

Question 6

Archaic religion

• characterized by
• type of gods
• who takes on God like qualities
• who begins to develop

Answer 6

• polytheism
• greek
• spirits
• priests

Question 7

animism

Answer 7

refers to the spirit world

Question 8

historic religion

• shift from what
• how do you get into heaven

Answer 8

• shift from polytheism to monotheism

- being pious (pray a lot)

Question 9

Early modern religion

• 4 things develops
• redemption and salvation occurs through

Answer 9

1. institutions
2. priests
3. codification of religion
4. protestant revolution
   - hard work on earth

Question 10

Modern religion

• definition
• what is being replaced by secular
• what is being replaced by humanistic
• american civil religion

Answer 10

• religious values/norms are being replaced by secular ones
• religious values are being replaced by humanistic one
• we believe that we have something special

Question 11

how religion benefits society

-4 functions

Answer 11

1. transmission of norms and values
2. discipline
3. cohesion (religion brings us together)
4. transmission of heritage

Question 12

Status

• definition
• what do we occupy
• ex

Answer 12

• describing our location and some sort of system
• a position that we occupy
• instructor, father, husband

Question 13

role

• definition
• ex

Answer 13

• a cluster of norms that help define how the status occupant is expected to behave
• as an instructor you are supposed to teach, hold office hours, etc

Question 14

role strain

• definition
• ex

Answer 14

• an incompatibility between roles in a single status

- having too much to do

Question 15

role conflict

• definition
• ex

Answer 15

• expectation of one status is inconsistent or conflicts with another status and sometimes you confuse the two
• ex. mom or dad misses a sporting event bc it conflicts with work

Question 16

status set

• definition
• 2 types

Answer 16

• describing the various statuses that we occupy that constitute our status set
• ascribed and achieved

Question 17

ascribed status

• definition
• ex

Answer 17

• a status that we receive typically at birth

- race and gender

Question 18

achieved status

• definition
• ex

Answer 18

• statuses that we achieve/earn

- college student, instructor

Question 19

status inconsistency

• definition
• what do others perceive us as
• what does our ascribed status become

Answer 19

• we think of ourselves as our achieved statuses but the way i percieve myself and the way you percieve me are 2 different things
• as our ascribed status
• our master status

Question 20

master status

Answer 20

how other perceive you even though it is not how we perceive ourselves or how we want to be percieved

Question 21

how do we think of sex

Answer 21

as a binary

Question 22

how do we learn to become masculine and feminine

Answer 22

through gender role socialization

Question 23

gemeinschaft

• definition
• relationships are
• interactions with members of what type of groups
• how do you view yourself

Answer 23

• represents the small town way of life
• personal
• primary groups (close emotional ties
• view yourself as a member of a group rather than an ind.

Question 24

Gesellschaft

• definition
• relationships
• interactions with people
• how do people think of themselves
• problematic?
• ex

Answer 24

• society life in larger cities
• distant and impersonal
• don’t have strong emotional ties (secondary group)
• as an ind.
• yes
• coworkers

Question 25

multiplex role relationships

• definition
• ex

Answer 25

• interacting with people that play multiple roles

- Sam is my best friend, the father of my son’s best friend and my grocer

Question 26

Simplex role relationships

• definition
• ex

Answer 26

• characterize life in the larger city

- jodie is my bus driver and only views me as a passenger bc she knows nothing about me

Question 27

social solidarity

-2 things

Answer 27

1. weakening of the collective conscience

2. differentiation; mechanical and organic solidarity

Question 28

collective conscience

• definition
• where is it stronger

Answer 28

that part of the individual’s conscious that we all share in common
-in small towns

Question 29

mechanical solidarity

• characterized by what
• found in
• what does it do to people

Answer 29

• characterized by sameness or likeness
• small towns
• unites people

Question 30

organic solidarity

• based upon what
• found in
• more dependent on

Answer 30

• difference
• large city
• each other than people in small towns

Question 31

critical mass

• definition
• what does it produce
• eventually what does it produce

Answer 31

• share your interests
• subcultural communities
• produces migration because of the existence of communities

Question 32

civic engagment

• definition
• members of?
• type of activities
• involved in
• more likely to be

Answer 32

joined “voluntary activities”

• church
• veteran/war
• civic oriented community activities
• boy/girl scouts

Question 33

private social engagement

-definition

Answer 33

people get together in informal groups