Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology 211 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

informal control

  • when does it happen
  • product of
  • occurs when
  • example
A
  • happens throughout our lifetime
  • product of socialization process
  • we smile at a friend as a sign of approval
  • when a parent offers encouragement/discouragement to a child
  • how our family members and friends shape our behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

formal control

A

something that the state does by enacting laws, training police officers and incarcerating people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 things that thomas hobbes said in the social contract

A
  1. that we are concerned with ourselves (self-interested and brutish)
  2. People have a right to use violence to protect themselves and their property
  3. Believed that without a state it would be a “war against all against all”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

social contract

  • definition
  • believed this is how…
A
  • I have a natural right to protect myself against you and you have a natural right to protect yourself against me
  • the state emerged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

power

A

use or threatened use of force to achieve the desired end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

coercion

  • definition
  • acceptable?
  • why do you comply
A
  • the use of force is not viewed as legitimate by those of whom its applied
  • no
  • because you’re frightened not too
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

authority

  • definition
  • example
A

the use of force is viewed as legitimate to those of whom its applied
-law enforcement (when you get pulled over bc speeding - you accept it but you dont want it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of authority

A
  1. traditional authority
  2. charismatic authority
  3. legal-rational authority
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Traditional authority

  • definition
  • example
  • where can power be vested
A

authority that is found/legitimated by custom or tradition

  • Fathers have authority
  • can be vested in customs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Charismatic authority

  • definition
  • 2 examples
A

power is vested in personal qualities

-Jesus, MLK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Legal-rational authority

  • definition
  • is power legitimate?
A

Power is vested in the office not the office holder

-yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the consensus model

-2 things

A
  1. the collective conscience

2. Acts mala in se

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the collective conscience

  • creator
  • definition
  • ind. law
  • how do you measure it
A
  • Emile durkheim
  • That part of the individuals conscience that we all share in common
  • what you value, care about
  • the visual symbol of the collective conscience is the law (especially criminal law)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acts mala in se

  • latin for
  • reflected in
  • definition
  • ex.
A
  • wrong in and of itself
  • the criminal law
  • something inheritably wrong and we all agree on
  • homicide, robbery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wax indignant

A
  • we can read and be reminded of what the norms are

- we can become angry when the norms are violated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

interest group model

  • definition
  • acts mala prohibita
A

Groups that are successful in immobilizing their values and beliefs are successful
-Acts that are wrong simply because they are prohibited by the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Marxian model

-2 things

A
  1. substructure and super structure

2. the carnival image of crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

substructure

  • definition
  • type
  • the state is the class of what?
  • the state exists to
A
  • the economy (foundation of a home
  • capitalist
  • the state is the class state of the capitalist class
  • state exisists to further the interest of the economy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Superstructure

A

family, religion, and state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the carnival image of crime

  • creator
  • definition
  • saying
  • who do we identify with
  • who are the people that harm us
A
  • jeffrey reiman
  • Distorted image specifically so that we fear people who are below us on the economic ladder
  • the rich get richer and the poor get prison
  • wealthy people
  • people who are above us and not below us (drug companies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why do people commit crimes?

-3 theories

A
  1. typology of crime
  2. social structure theory
  3. social process theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

typology of crime

-2 things

A
  1. instrumental v. expressive crime

2. low v. high commitment to crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Social structure theory

  • creator
  • anomie
A

-robert merton

condition that society suffers from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

anomie

  • when does it occur
  • does a gap exist
  • 4 adaptations
A
  • when there are insufficent legitimate means for all people who achieve goals
  • yes
  • conformity
  • innovation
  • retreatism
  • ritualism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

conformity

A

we accept the cultural goals and means

-we push them to be successful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

innovation

A

accepts goals but rejects means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

retreatism

  • definition
  • ex
A

rejects goals and means

-I’m not going to work hard, I give up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ritualism

  • definition
  • what do they lose desire to
A

accepts means and rejects goals

-loses any desire to better themselves and just goes through the motions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

when does crime occur

A

within the innovation and reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

social process theory

  • creator
  • definition
  • attachment
  • commitment
  • involves
A
  • travis hirschi
  • people don’t commit crime if they are close with society
  • law abiding
  • to job, school, etc
  • how much time you spent in activities
31
Q

why are people less likely to commit crime

A

because you don’t have to lose everything

32
Q

Biological deficiency theory

  • trace back to who
  • definition
A
  • charles darwin

- the species that survive are the most adaptable

33
Q

survival of the fittest

  • what did he apply
  • focus
  • ex of focus
  • who adapts to env
A
  • applied biological evolution to human population
  • social groups
  • racial and ethnic groups
  • human groups that adapt more to their env will be most successful
34
Q

cultural deficiency theory

-2 things

A
  1. The cultural legacy of slavery (post traumatic slave syndrome)
  2. triple package
35
Q

The cultural legacy of slavery (post traumatic slave syndrome)

  • definition
  • slavery as an economic system
  • capitalism as an economic system
  • what happened after slavery
A
  • Things that get passed on from one generation to the next
  • work hard to avoid punishment
  • work hard to be successful
  • AA became more dependent on welfare as a legacy of slavery
36
Q

triple package

  • 3 traits
  • what happens when combined
A
  1. superiority
  2. insecurity
  3. impulse control
    - success
37
Q

superiority

A

the belief that your group is superior to other groups

38
Q

insecurity

A

Although you believe there is something special about your group, you feel like you’re not able to represent that group to the best of your ability

39
Q

impulse control

A

being able to delay gratification

-being able to work hard today and be successful in the future

40
Q

bias theory

-definition

A

how we accept things that fit in our belief system

-attitudinal and individual

41
Q

stereotypes

  • definition
  • do we know their origin
  • positive or negative
  • how is it passed on
  • give rise to
A
  • based upon images we have of groups or members of groups
  • no
  • can be positive but often negative
  • by learning process, media, culture, etc.
  • prejudice
42
Q

prejudice

  • definition
  • beliefs give rise to
A

A belief system that support each other about a group that lead us to conclude that some groups are superior to others, while others are inferior to others
-behaviors

43
Q

discrimination

A

behavior derived from belief

44
Q

subordination

A

discrimination results in subordination

-reinforces stereotypes and the cycle continues

45
Q

micro aggression

  • 3 points
  • impact
A
  • consequences they have for others
  • say something which makes people feel on the outside of the group
  • makes you feel less whole
  • cumulative (not just one but many)
46
Q

Stratification

A

unequal distribution of rewards

47
Q

social classes

  • definition
  • how what is produced in society
  • measured by
  • karl marx’s focus
A

relation to the means of production

  • wealth
  • the dimension of property
  • raw materials used, tools and machines, the factories themselves
48
Q

4 social classes

A
  1. bourgeoisie
  2. petit bourgeoisie
  3. proletariat
  4. lumpen proletariat
49
Q

bourgeoisie

  • definition
  • ex
A

owed the means of production

-owns factories, tools, material

50
Q

petit bougeoisie

  • definition
  • ex
A
  • employed by the owners as managers

- exercise control over the means of production and make managerial decisions

51
Q

proletariat

  • definition
  • people
  • where did they come from
  • skilled?
A
  • Neither own nor control means of production; however, they own their labor in which they exchange for wages
  • tradesmen/craftsmen
  • the country who
  • yes
52
Q

lumpen proletariat

  • referred to as
  • who are they
  • can they hold a job
  • today referred to as
  • ex
A
  • dregs of society
  • outcasts, unskilled, whose labor is not desired
  • no
  • underclass
  • alcoholics, drug addicts
53
Q

exploitation

  • definition
  • formula
  • who profits
A
  • difference between what it costs to produce items and what you sell it for
  • sales price-cost (wages) = profit
  • the owner
54
Q

Alienation of labor

A

you become isolated, separated from what you produce

55
Q

false consciousness

A

When, I as a worker, falsely believe that my interests are the same as the bourgeoisie (employer)

56
Q

when does false conscious turn into class conciousness?

A

Upon recognizing that your interest differs from the interest of your employers

57
Q

Proletarian revolution

A

the proletarians would revolt against the bourgeoisie to get better benefits

58
Q

communism

A

an economic system where the means of production are collectively owned

59
Q

Max weber

-3 dimensions

A
  1. property
  2. prestige
  3. power
60
Q

property

A

income, money we ear, wealth that we accumulate (assets)

61
Q

prestige

A

respect others associate with your job

62
Q

power

A

the ability to influence others even if the ability is unwelcomed/undesired

63
Q

physician

  • property
  • prestige
  • power
A
  • high
  • high
  • high
64
Q

Mcdonalds

  • property
  • prestige
  • power
A
  • high
  • medium
  • low
65
Q

priest

  • property
  • prestige
  • power
A
  • low
  • high
  • high
66
Q

Professor

  • property
  • prestige
  • power
A
  • medium
  • medium/high
  • low
67
Q

trooper

  • property
  • prestige
  • power
A
  • medium
  • medium
  • high
68
Q

2 dimensions of functional

A
  1. degree to which poor job performance negatively impacts society
  2. the amount of training thats involved to perform the job effectively
69
Q

degree to which poor job performance negatively impacts society
-ex

A

the battle field
-When a general makes a bad decision it can cost a lot of lives but when a soldier makes a bad decision it only loses the lives of them and maybe a couple of others. The generals job is more important

70
Q

what position is highly rewarded

A

surgeon

71
Q

defer gratification

A

to put off receiving a reward in the hops of receiving a better reward

72
Q

equality of opportunity

  • playing field
  • example
A
  • play with a level playing field

- those who work the hardest get the largest share of rewards, but we all begin at the same level

73
Q

equality of condition

  • playing field
  • what do we have to do
  • why is it not level
A
  • we don’t have a level playing field
  • we have to make it level
  • because of discrimination
74
Q

equality of outcome

A

wealth is evenly distributed

Sociology 211 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions