exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
informal control
- when does it happen
- product of
- occurs when
- example
A
- happens throughout our lifetime
- product of socialization process
- we smile at a friend as a sign of approval
- when a parent offers encouragement/discouragement to a child
- how our family members and friends shape our behavior
2
Q
formal control
A
something that the state does by enacting laws, training police officers and incarcerating people
3
Q
3 things that thomas hobbes said in the social contract
A
- that we are concerned with ourselves (self-interested and brutish)
- People have a right to use violence to protect themselves and their property
- Believed that without a state it would be a “war against all against all”
4
Q
social contract
- definition
- believed this is how…
A
- I have a natural right to protect myself against you and you have a natural right to protect yourself against me
- the state emerged
5
Q
power
A
use or threatened use of force to achieve the desired end
6
Q
coercion
- definition
- acceptable?
- why do you comply
A
- the use of force is not viewed as legitimate by those of whom its applied
- no
- because you’re frightened not too
7
Q
authority
- definition
- example
A
the use of force is viewed as legitimate to those of whom its applied
-law enforcement (when you get pulled over bc speeding - you accept it but you dont want it)
8
Q
3 types of authority
A
- traditional authority
- charismatic authority
- legal-rational authority
9
Q
Traditional authority
- definition
- example
- where can power be vested
A
authority that is found/legitimated by custom or tradition
- Fathers have authority
- can be vested in customs
10
Q
Charismatic authority
- definition
- 2 examples
A
power is vested in personal qualities
-Jesus, MLK
11
Q
Legal-rational authority
- definition
- is power legitimate?
A
Power is vested in the office not the office holder
-yes
12
Q
the consensus model
-2 things
A
- the collective conscience
2. Acts mala in se
13
Q
the collective conscience
- creator
- definition
- ind. law
- how do you measure it
A
- Emile durkheim
- That part of the individuals conscience that we all share in common
- what you value, care about
- the visual symbol of the collective conscience is the law (especially criminal law)
14
Q
Acts mala in se
- latin for
- reflected in
- definition
- ex.
A
- wrong in and of itself
- the criminal law
- something inheritably wrong and we all agree on
- homicide, robbery
15
Q
Wax indignant
A
- we can read and be reminded of what the norms are
- we can become angry when the norms are violated
16
Q
interest group model
- definition
- acts mala prohibita
A
Groups that are successful in immobilizing their values and beliefs are successful
-Acts that are wrong simply because they are prohibited by the law
17
Q
Marxian model
-2 things
A
- substructure and super structure
2. the carnival image of crime
18
Q
substructure
- definition
- type
- the state is the class of what?
- the state exists to
A
- the economy (foundation of a home
- capitalist
- the state is the class state of the capitalist class
- state exisists to further the interest of the economy
19
Q
Superstructure
A
family, religion, and state
20
Q
the carnival image of crime
- creator
- definition
- saying
- who do we identify with
- who are the people that harm us
A
- jeffrey reiman
- Distorted image specifically so that we fear people who are below us on the economic ladder
- the rich get richer and the poor get prison
- wealthy people
- people who are above us and not below us (drug companies)
21
Q
Why do people commit crimes?
-3 theories
A
- typology of crime
- social structure theory
- social process theory
22
Q
typology of crime
-2 things
A
- instrumental v. expressive crime
2. low v. high commitment to crime
23
Q
Social structure theory
- creator
- anomie
A
-robert merton
condition that society suffers from
24
Q
anomie
- when does it occur
- does a gap exist
- 4 adaptations
A
- when there are insufficent legitimate means for all people who achieve goals
- yes
- conformity
- innovation
- retreatism
- ritualism
25
conformity
we accept the cultural goals and means
| -we push them to be successful
26
innovation
accepts goals but rejects means
27
retreatism
- definition
- ex
rejects goals and means
| -I'm not going to work hard, I give up
28
ritualism
- definition
- what do they lose desire to
accepts means and rejects goals
| -loses any desire to better themselves and just goes through the motions
29
when does crime occur
within the innovation and reticulum
30
social process theory
- creator
- definition
- attachment
- commitment
- involves
- travis hirschi
- people don't commit crime if they are close with society
- law abiding
- to job, school, etc
- how much time you spent in activities
31
why are people less likely to commit crime
because you don't have to lose everything
32
Biological deficiency theory
- trace back to who
- definition
- charles darwin
| - the species that survive are the most adaptable
33
survival of the fittest
- what did he apply
- focus
- ex of focus
- who adapts to env
- applied biological evolution to human population
- social groups
- racial and ethnic groups
- human groups that adapt more to their env will be most successful
34
cultural deficiency theory
| -2 things
1. The cultural legacy of slavery (post traumatic slave syndrome)
2. triple package
35
The cultural legacy of slavery (post traumatic slave syndrome)
- definition
- slavery as an economic system
- capitalism as an economic system
- what happened after slavery
- Things that get passed on from one generation to the next
- work hard to avoid punishment
- work hard to be successful
- AA became more dependent on welfare as a legacy of slavery
36
triple package
- 3 traits
- what happens when combined
1. superiority
2. insecurity
3. impulse control
- success
37
superiority
the belief that your group is superior to other groups
38
insecurity
Although you believe there is something special about your group, you feel like you’re not able to represent that group to the best of your ability
39
impulse control
being able to delay gratification
| -being able to work hard today and be successful in the future
40
bias theory
| -definition
how we accept things that fit in our belief system
| -attitudinal and individual
41
stereotypes
- definition
- do we know their origin
- positive or negative
- how is it passed on
- give rise to
- based upon images we have of groups or members of groups
- no
- can be positive but often negative
- by learning process, media, culture, etc.
- prejudice
42
prejudice
- definition
- beliefs give rise to
A belief system that support each other about a group that lead us to conclude that some groups are superior to others, while others are inferior to others
-behaviors
43
discrimination
behavior derived from belief
44
subordination
discrimination results in subordination
| -reinforces stereotypes and the cycle continues
45
micro aggression
- 3 points
- impact
- consequences they have for others
- say something which makes people feel on the outside of the group
- makes you feel less whole
- cumulative (not just one but many)
46
Stratification
unequal distribution of rewards
47
social classes
- definition
- how what is produced in society
- measured by
- karl marx's focus
relation to the means of production
- wealth
- the dimension of property
- raw materials used, tools and machines, the factories themselves
48
4 social classes
1. bourgeoisie
2. petit bourgeoisie
3. proletariat
4. lumpen proletariat
49
bourgeoisie
- definition
- ex
owed the means of production
| -owns factories, tools, material
50
petit bougeoisie
- definition
- ex
- employed by the owners as managers
| - exercise control over the means of production and make managerial decisions
51
proletariat
- definition
- people
- where did they come from
- skilled?
- Neither own nor control means of production; however, they own their labor in which they exchange for wages
- tradesmen/craftsmen
- the country who
- yes
52
lumpen proletariat
- referred to as
- who are they
- can they hold a job
- today referred to as
- ex
- dregs of society
- outcasts, unskilled, whose labor is not desired
- no
- underclass
- alcoholics, drug addicts
53
exploitation
- definition
- formula
- who profits
- difference between what it costs to produce items and what you sell it for
- sales price-cost (wages) = profit
- the owner
54
Alienation of labor
you become isolated, separated from what you produce
55
false consciousness
When, I as a worker, falsely believe that my interests are the same as the bourgeoisie (employer)
56
when does false conscious turn into class conciousness?
Upon recognizing that your interest differs from the interest of your employers
57
Proletarian revolution
the proletarians would revolt against the bourgeoisie to get better benefits
58
communism
an economic system where the means of production are collectively owned
59
Max weber
| -3 dimensions
1. property
2. prestige
3. power
60
property
income, money we ear, wealth that we accumulate (assets)
61
prestige
respect others associate with your job
62
power
the ability to influence others even if the ability is unwelcomed/undesired
63
physician
- property
- prestige
- power
- high
- high
- high
64
Mcdonalds
- property
- prestige
- power
- high
- medium
- low
65
priest
- property
- prestige
- power
- low
- high
- high
66
Professor
- property
- prestige
- power
- medium
- medium/high
- low
67
trooper
- property
- prestige
- power
- medium
- medium
- high
68
2 dimensions of functional
1. degree to which poor job performance negatively impacts society
2. the amount of training thats involved to perform the job effectively
69
degree to which poor job performance negatively impacts society
-ex
the battle field
-When a general makes a bad decision it can cost a lot of lives but when a soldier makes a bad decision it only loses the lives of them and maybe a couple of others. The generals job is more important
70
what position is highly rewarded
surgeon
71
defer gratification
to put off receiving a reward in the hops of receiving a better reward
72
equality of opportunity
- playing field
- example
- play with a level playing field
| - those who work the hardest get the largest share of rewards, but we all begin at the same level
73
equality of condition
- playing field
- what do we have to do
- why is it not level
- we don't have a level playing field
- we have to make it level
- because of discrimination
74
equality of outcome
wealth is evenly distributed
