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Sociology 211 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microsociology
•definition
•example

A
  • study of individuals and their social reactions

* socialization

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2
Q

socialization

A

process by which we become social creatures

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3
Q

Macrosociology
•definition
•2 examples

A
  • focuses on cultures, structures, institutions (bigger picture)
  • urbanization, industrialization
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4
Q

Scientific method for sociology

• 4 steps

A
  1. Collect data
  2. Look for patterns
  3. Explain (try to make sense out of what we observed
  4. Predict (what can we expect next time)
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5
Q

Emile Durkheim
•who is he
•who is he considered the father of

A
  • french sociologist

* father of functionalism

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6
Q

Functionalism

A

how various social parts work together for the good of the whole

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7
Q

Social intergration

A

how these parts are integrated so that society functions effectively

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8
Q

Social order

A

Society has stability/no chaos

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9
Q

5 main social institutions

A
  1. family
  2. education
  3. culture and religion
  4. the state
  5. economy
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10
Q

Manifest

A

intended/obvious consequences

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11
Q

Latent

A

unintended/less obvious consequences

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12
Q

Social fact
•definition
•examples

A

Anything that occurs in society that is relatively permanent and ongoing
•religion, beliefs, war

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13
Q

Karl Marx
•who was he
•3 things he was interested/believed in

A

•german philosopher and sociologist, economic determinist

  1. interested in how change occurs in society
  2. believed that you can trace the course of human history by studying the economic institutions
  3. believed in conflict perspective
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14
Q

4 different types of economic systems (karl marx)

A
  1. primitive communism
  2. feudalism
  3. capitalism
  4. communism
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15
Q

Primitive communism

A
  • system that is undifferentiated

* there is no state/governemt

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16
Q

Feudalism (karl marx)

A
  • based upon agricultural production

* emergence of distint social classes

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17
Q

Capitalism (Karl Marx)

A
  • valued wealth

* difference between “haves” and “have nots”

18
Q

Communism (Karl Marx)

A
  • classless society
  • collective ownership
  • everyone has an equal share of the property
19
Q

Conflict

A

An inherit contradiction between social classes

20
Q

The dialectal method

A
  • inherit contradictions must produce change
  • change occurs when 2 things are in conflict with each other and there is no solution which causes something new to be produce
21
Q

Sub ordinance + dominance =

A

oppression

22
Q

Rationalization
•who is the father
•occurs at 2 levels
•4 features

A 
•Max Weber
•micro level and macro level
1. efficiency 
2. predictability
3. calculability
4. control
23
Q

Bureaucracy
•definition
•5 features of bureaucracy

A

•authority with different layers

  1. Hierarchy of authority
  2. specialized divisions of labor
  3. impersonality
  4. written rules
  5. promotion is based on achievement
24
Q

Iron cage

A

Rules are good, however rules replace thinking

25
Q

August Comte
•who was he
•what is he the granddaa of

A
  • french sociologist

* positivism

26
Q

Positivism

A

We could study the social world just like natural scientists study the physical world

27
Q

Natural laws

A

Things that are persistant overtime and do not change

28
Q

Empirical science

A

Collect and analyze data

29
Q

Stages of the research process

A
  1. Participation observation
  2. Analysis
  3. Explanation
30
Q

What are the 2 most common types of observations

A
  1. Surveys

2. Interviews

31
Q

Surveys
•what are questions on a survey known as
•adv.
•disadv

A
  • forced response
  • makes comparisons much easier
  • vague questions
32
Q

Interviews
•what are questions known as
•adv
•disadv

A
  • Probe
  • you can collect richer data
  • takes up more time
33
Q

2 types of data

A
  1. primary data

2. secondary data (most common: government agencies

34
Q

Concept
•definition
•example

A

Term that refers to a group of things that are alike

35
Q

Variable

A

Something that we measure and that varies

36
Q

Independent variable
•which axis
•definition

A
  • x

* the cause

37
Q

Dependent variable
•which axis
•definition

A
  • y

* the effect; depends on IV

38
Q

Inductive reasoning
•where do you start
•3 steps

A

•bottom up

  1. Observation/data collection
  2. Analysis (crosstabs)
  3. Explanation (more reflective with audience)
39
Q

Deductive reasoning
•where do you start
•2 steps

A

•top down

  1. Theory about how things work
  2. Test theory
40
Q

Population

A

Large group that we are interested in learning about

41
Q

Sample

A
  • the subset of a population

* we want a representative sample of the population

Sociology 211 (5 decks)

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