exam 1

Question 1

Microsociology
•definition
•example

Answer 1

• study of individuals and their social reactions

* socialization

Question 2

socialization

Answer 2

process by which we become social creatures

Question 3

Macrosociology
•definition
•2 examples

Answer 3

• focuses on cultures, structures, institutions (bigger picture)
• urbanization, industrialization

Question 4

Scientific method for sociology

• 4 steps

Answer 4

1. Collect data
2. Look for patterns
3. Explain (try to make sense out of what we observed
4. Predict (what can we expect next time)

Question 5

Emile Durkheim
•who is he
•who is he considered the father of

Answer 5

• french sociologist

* father of functionalism

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

how various social parts work together for the good of the whole

Question 7

Social intergration

Answer 7

how these parts are integrated so that society functions effectively

Question 8

Social order

Answer 8

Society has stability/no chaos

Question 9

5 main social institutions

Answer 9

1. family
2. education
3. culture and religion
4. the state
5. economy

Question 10

Manifest

Answer 10

intended/obvious consequences

Question 11

Latent

Answer 11

unintended/less obvious consequences

Question 12

Social fact
•definition
•examples

Answer 12

Anything that occurs in society that is relatively permanent and ongoing
•religion, beliefs, war

Question 13

Karl Marx
•who was he
•3 things he was interested/believed in

Answer 13

•german philosopher and sociologist, economic determinist

1. interested in how change occurs in society
2. believed that you can trace the course of human history by studying the economic institutions
3. believed in conflict perspective

Question 14

4 different types of economic systems (karl marx)

Answer 14

1. primitive communism
2. feudalism
3. capitalism
4. communism

Question 15

Primitive communism

Answer 15

• system that is undifferentiated

* there is no state/governemt

Question 16

Feudalism (karl marx)

Answer 16

• based upon agricultural production

* emergence of distint social classes

Question 17

Capitalism (Karl Marx)

Answer 17

• valued wealth

* difference between “haves” and “have nots”

Question 18

Communism (Karl Marx)

Answer 18

• classless society
• collective ownership
• everyone has an equal share of the property

Question 19

Conflict

Answer 19

An inherit contradiction between social classes

Question 20

The dialectal method

Answer 20

• inherit contradictions must produce change
• change occurs when 2 things are in conflict with each other and there is no solution which causes something new to be produce

Question 21

Sub ordinance + dominance =

Answer 21

oppression

Question 22

Rationalization
•who is the father
•occurs at 2 levels
•4 features

Answer 22

•Max Weber
•micro level and macro level
1. efficiency 
2. predictability
3. calculability
4. control

Question 23

Bureaucracy
•definition
•5 features of bureaucracy

Answer 23

•authority with different layers

1. Hierarchy of authority
2. specialized divisions of labor
3. impersonality
4. written rules
5. promotion is based on achievement

Question 24

Iron cage

Answer 24

Rules are good, however rules replace thinking

Question 25

August Comte •who was he •what is he the granddaa of

Answer 25

* french sociologist | * positivism

Question 26

Positivism

Answer 26

We could study the social world just like natural scientists study the physical world

Question 27

Natural laws

Answer 27

Things that are persistant overtime and do not change

Question 28

Empirical science

Answer 28

Collect and analyze data

Question 29

Stages of the research process

Answer 29

1. Participation observation 2. Analysis 3. Explanation

Question 30

What are the 2 most common types of observations

Answer 30

1. Surveys | 2. Interviews

Question 31

Surveys •what are questions on a survey known as •adv. •disadv

Answer 31

* forced response * makes comparisons much easier * vague questions

Question 32

Interviews •what are questions known as •adv •disadv

Answer 32

* Probe * you can collect richer data * takes up more time

Question 33

2 types of data

Answer 33

1. primary data | 2. secondary data (most common: government agencies

Question 34

Concept •definition •example

Answer 34

Term that refers to a group of things that are alike

Question 35

Variable

Answer 35

Something that we measure and that varies

Question 36

Independent variable •which axis •definition

Answer 36

* x | * the cause

Question 37

Dependent variable •which axis •definition

Answer 37

* y | * the effect; depends on IV

Question 38

Inductive reasoning •where do you start •3 steps

Answer 38

•bottom up 1. Observation/data collection 2. Analysis (crosstabs) 3. Explanation (more reflective with audience)

Question 39

Deductive reasoning •where do you start •2 steps

Answer 39

•top down 1. Theory about how things work 2. Test theory

Question 40

Population

Answer 40

Large group that we are interested in learning about

Question 41

Sample

Answer 41

* the subset of a population | * we want a representative sample of the population