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Biology 102 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Histology

A

the study of the microscopic structure of tissues

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2
Q

Name the types of epithelial tissues

A

cuboidal, columnar, squamous, pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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3
Q

Function and location of simple squamous epithelial

A

F: potection
L: peritoneum, pleural membranes, blood vessel linings

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4
Q

Function and location of stratified squamous epithelial

A

F: protection, secretion
L: epidermis/ outer layer of skin

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5
Q

Function and location of cuboidal epithelial

A

F: secretion
L: thyroid, pancreas, salivary glands

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6
Q

Function and location of columnar epithelial

A

F: absorption (goblet cells - secretion, cilia move mucus upward - trachea, bronchial tubes, fallopian tubes)
L: stomach, intestine, digestive system linings

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7
Q

Function and location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar

A

F: secretion
L: trachea central cavity

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8
Q

Name the main types of connective tissues

A

bone, loose connective tissue (connective tissue proper), cartilage, blood and lymph

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9
Q

Name the types of loose connective tissue aka connective tissue proper

A

areolar, adipose, dense (fibrous) connective/regular

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10
Q

Name the types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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11
Q

Name the types of blood and lymph

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

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12
Q

Function and location of areolar

A

F: holds skin to body, support/strength
L: organs, blood vessel linings, skin

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13
Q

Function and location of adipose

A

F: insulates, cushions
L: under skin, around kidneys, around eye sockets, etc

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14
Q

Function and location of dense (fibrous) connective/reg

A

F: connect bone to bone & bone to muscle
L: ligaments and tendons

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15
Q

Function of bone

A

F: intracellular matrix contains CaCO3 & phosphate (RBCs&WBCs)

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16
Q

Function and location of hyaline cartilage

A

F: support, reinforcement, connection
L: bone ends, nose, ribs to sternum, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes
- articular, costal, skeletal, embryological

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17
Q

Function and location of elastic cartilage

A

F: flexible support/strength, reinforcement
L: external ear, Eustacian tubs, larynx

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18
Q

Function and location of fibrocartilage

A

F: support, connection, protection
L: invertebral discs btwn vertebrae, pubic symphisis, joints

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19
Q

Function of erythrocytes

A

F: nonnucleated, carries O2 via hemoglobin

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20
Q

Function of leukocytes

A

F: immune responses, lysosome packed

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21
Q

Function of thrombocytes

A

F: blood clotting, wound healing

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22
Q

Basement membrane

A

a thin, delicate membrane of protein fibers and sugars separating epithelium from underlying tissue

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23
Q

Matrix

A

the intercellular substance of a tissue, as bone matrix, or the tissue from which a structure develops, as hair or nail matrix

24
Q

Erythrocytes

A

aka red blood cells; carries O2 via hemoglobin

25
Q

Leukocytes

A

aka white blood cells; function in immune responses

26
Q

Thrombocyte

A

aka platelets; functions in blood clotting

27
Q

Hematocrit

A

the ratio of blood volume that is occupied by RBCs, usually expressed as a % of the total blood volume

28
Q

Fibroblast

A

a cell that manufactures and maintains connective tissue

29
Q

Chondroblast

A

dividing cell of growing cartilage tissue, important in bone growth

30
Q

Osteoblast

A

the bone forming cells responsible for bone growth, ossification, and regeneration; doesn’t divide

31
Q

Action potential

A

the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell

32
Q

Dendrite

A

a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body

33
Q

Synapse

A

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

34
Q

Axon

A

the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

35
Q

The function of neurons and the three parts

A
  • generate and conduct electrical impulses
  • cell body: main part of the cell, has the nucleus & most of the cytoplasm and organelles
    dendrites: small slender extensions of the cell body, receive incoming info
    axon: long slender extension, specialized to conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body
36
Q

Plasma

A
  • One of the parts of the blood, the matrix

- Composed of water, nutrients, salts, hormones

37
Q

Haversian canal system

A

the minute tubes that form a network in bone and contain blood vessels; used for communication

38
Q

Name the types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

39
Q

Function and location of skeletal muscle tissue

A

F: movement
L: voluntary, attached to bones (striations, multiple nuclei)

40
Q

Function and location of cardiac muscle tissue

A

F: Blood circulation
L: heart (striated, single nuclei, branching w connections via intercalated discs)

41
Q

Function and location of smooth muscle tissue

A

F: peristaltic action, internal organ movement
L: involuntary, walls of tubular organs (single nuclei, tapering at ends)

42
Q

Intercalated discs

A

connects cardiac muscle cells to work as a functional organ (in sync)

43
Q

Signal transduction

A

a set of chemical reactions in a cell that occurs when a molecule, such as a hormone, attaches to a receptor on a cell membrane; biochemical cascade

44
Q

Function and location of nervous tissue

A

F: stimuli reception, transmission, interpretation and coordination of nerve impulses
L: CNS and PNS

45
Q

Myosin

A

thick filament; composed of two twisted protein strands with globular parts called cross- bridges projecting outward along their lengths

46
Q

Actin

A

thin filament; has globular structures with a binding site to which the myosin cross- bridge can attach

47
Q

Sarcoplasmic recticulum

A

Stores and releases calcium surrounds myofibril

48
Q

Sacromere

A

Contractile unit of muscle fiber

49
Q

Systole

A
  • contraction of the ventricles

- open - semi-lunar valves

50
Q

Diastole

A
  • atria conract

- open - Bi & tricuspid valves

51
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

aka SA node; a small body of specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart that acts as a pacemaker by producing a contractile signal at regular intervals

52
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

aka AV node; serves as an electrical relay station, slowing the electrical current sent by the SA node before the signal is permitted to pass down through to the ventricles

53
Q

Myelin sheath

A

insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon; facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses

54
Q

Efferent vs. Afferent pathways

A

Efferent pathways carry signals away from the CNS; essentially, signals your brains sends to parts of your body. Afferent neurons bring stimuli to the brain, where the signal is integrated and processed; as a result, the brain then coordinates via efferent signals back to the rest of the body

55
Q

Reflex arc

A

the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between

56
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

increases the conduction velocity of action potentials as it passes from one node of Ranvier to the next

Biology 102 (4 decks)

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