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Biology 102 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Medusa

A

Stage of Cnidarian lifecycle, “free swimming”

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2
Q

Polyp

A

Stage of Cnidarian lifecycle, organism is attached to a fixed substrate, usually at the bottom of the body of water or coral reefs (symbiotic mutualism)

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3
Q

Complete digestive tract

A

Organism has two different holes for bringing in food and removing waste

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4
Q

Incomplete digestive tract

A

Organism has one common opening for bringing in food and removing waste

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5
Q

Acoelomate

A

Organism lacks a body cavity

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6
Q

Pseudocoelom

A

has a body cavity, but with no or partial lining

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7
Q

Vertebreates

A

vertebral column

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8
Q

Coelom

A

true body cavity; organism has body cavity as well as full lining

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9
Q

Eutharian

A

mammals placenta

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10
Q

metatherians

A

mammals w pouch - ex: kangaroos

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11
Q

protherians

A

mammals - lay eggs

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12
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

Two sided symmetry

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13
Q

Ectoderm

A

germ layer covering the embryos surface

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14
Q

Endoderm

A

the innermost germ layer. Lining of the developing digestive tube

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15
Q

open circulatory system

A

blood bathes the organs directly

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16
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

More efficient at transporting circulatory fluid to tissues and cell.

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17
Q

Hermaphrodite

A

one organism possesses the male and female reproductive organs

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18
Q

radial symmetry

A

organisms who can be divided into symmetrical parts through any centered-plane

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19
Q

protosomes

A

an organism who’s mouth formed first in the stages of embryonic development (ex: flatworm)

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20
Q

deuterstomes

A

an organism who’s anus formed first in the stages of embryonic development (ex: human)

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21
Q

mantle (mollusks)

A

thin tissue layer draped over animal, outgrowth of body; produces shell (mollusks)

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22
Q

foot (mollusks)

A

muscular mass of tissue; used for movement, burrowing and capturing prey (mollusks)

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23
Q

radula (mollusks)

A

snails and slugs use it to eat; used to scrape algae off rocks or drill through shells (mollusks)

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24
Q

cephalization

A

concentration of nerve cells and sense organs at the anterior (front) end of the body (ex: the brain in humans)

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25
Q

mesoderm

A

middle layer of tissue, becomes muscles and other major organ systems

26
Q

invertebrate

A
  • an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod, mollusk, and annelid
  • have exoskeleton or no skeleton
27
Q

Ectotherms

A

animals that cannot regulate their internal body temperature; body temperature depends on the environment

28
Q

Endotherms

A

animals that can regulate their internal body temperature

29
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton

A

a structure found in many ectothermic organisms and soft-bodied animals consisting of a fluid-filled cavity, the coelom, surrounded by muscles. The pressure of the fluid and action of the surrounding circular, longitudinal, and/or helical muscles are used to change an organism’s shape and produce movement.

30
Q

Cnidocyte

A

a stinging cell of a cnidarian

31
Q

Spicules

A

small, spike shaped particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide that make up the skeleton of some sponges

32
Q

Filter feeder

A

organism that filters small particles from water to get its food

33
Q

segmented body

A

A body that is divided in to visible sections; Cephalic-head, thoracic-chest, abdomen-abdomen.

34
Q

Exoskeleton

A

A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection.

35
Q

antenna

A

A paired appendage attached to the head that contains sense organs for touch and odor.

36
Q

cephalothorax

A

Fusion of the head and thorax.

37
Q

Malphigian tubules

A

In Anthropods, where mineral salts and uric acid accumulate before they are transported to intestine to be expelled with solid wastethrough the anus.

38
Q

segmentation

A

Division of an animal body along its length into a series of repeated parts called segments

39
Q

Setae

A

“bristle worms”=chitinous bristles. anchor segments during locomotion; long, hairlike, aquatic = swimming; stiff (burrowing) = aid in preventing worms from being pulled out or washed out

40
Q

Clitellum

A

no permanent sex organs

41
Q

Protonephridia

A

a system of flame bulbs or cells that are a primitive type of excretory and osmoregulatory

42
Q

Nephridia

A

(in many invertebrate animals) a tubule open to the exterior that acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation. It typically has ciliated or flagellated cells and absorptive walls

43
Q

parapodia (worms)

A

each of a number of paired muscular bristle-bearing appendages used in locomotion, sensation, or respiration

44
Q

parapodia (mollusca)

A

a lateral extension of the foot used as an undulating fin for swimming

45
Q

green gland

A

Glands that filter waste out of the bloodstream of an arthropod.

46
Q

antennule

A

A smaller set of antenna found on crustaceans.

47
Q

water vascular system and ex.

A

a system of closed, fluid-filled tubes and ducts of echinoderms used in clinging, locomotion, feeding, and respiration; starfish

48
Q

head

A

The cephalic part of an organism, especially the body part containing the brain and/or most organs used for feeding and/or sensing

49
Q

thorax

A

The middle region of the body of an insect, usually bears the legs and wings

50
Q

abdomen

A
  • (mammals) the part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis; belly
  • (arthropods) the posterior section of the body behind the thorax or the cephalothorax
51
Q

notochord

A

a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates

52
Q

postanal tail

A

an extension of the spinal chord that extends beyond the animal’s anus;feature of all chordates; used for propulsion in water

53
Q

dorsal hollow nerve cord

A
  • plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube dorsal to notochord
  • becomes central nervous system: brain and spinal cord
54
Q

Amnion

A

The amnion grows around the embryo, forming a fluid-filled sac in which the embryo floats

55
Q

Amniotic egg

A

type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and prototherian (egg-laying) mammals (amniotes), in which the embryo develops inside an amnion
- shell is either calcium-based or leathery.

56
Q

homeotherms

A

animals with a fairly constant body temp

57
Q

ray-finned fish

A

bony fish;

  • symmetrical tales
  • mobile fins
  • advanced dorsal fin split into two regions
  • anterior dorsal fin with spines, posterior dorsal with rays
58
Q

lobe-finned fish

A

lobe-finned fish have a central appendage in their fins containing many bones and muscles, very flexible & potentially useful for supporting the body on land, as in lungfish and tetrapods
-Tetrapods are thought to have evolved from primitive lobe-finned fish.

59
Q

Tetrapods

A

vertebrates with four limbs

60
Q

poikilotherm

A

some fish, amphibians, reptiles; an organism whose internal temperature varies considerably, the opposite of a homeotherm

61
Q

nictating membrane

A

in frogs- to protect the eye, and keep the eye moist and keeping water out

62
Q

cutaneous breathing

A

aka cutaneous gas exchange, is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of an organism rather than gills or lungs, ex: frogs

Biology 102 (4 decks)

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