Exam 3 Flashcards
Medusa
Stage of Cnidarian lifecycle, “free swimming”
Polyp
Stage of Cnidarian lifecycle, organism is attached to a fixed substrate, usually at the bottom of the body of water or coral reefs (symbiotic mutualism)
Complete digestive tract
Organism has two different holes for bringing in food and removing waste
Incomplete digestive tract
Organism has one common opening for bringing in food and removing waste
Acoelomate
Organism lacks a body cavity
Pseudocoelom
has a body cavity, but with no or partial lining
Vertebreates
vertebral column
Coelom
true body cavity; organism has body cavity as well as full lining
Eutharian
mammals placenta
metatherians
mammals w pouch - ex: kangaroos
protherians
mammals - lay eggs
Bilateral symmetry
Two sided symmetry
Ectoderm
germ layer covering the embryos surface
Endoderm
the innermost germ layer. Lining of the developing digestive tube
open circulatory system
blood bathes the organs directly
Closed circulatory system
More efficient at transporting circulatory fluid to tissues and cell.
Hermaphrodite
one organism possesses the male and female reproductive organs
radial symmetry
organisms who can be divided into symmetrical parts through any centered-plane
protosomes
an organism who’s mouth formed first in the stages of embryonic development (ex: flatworm)
deuterstomes
an organism who’s anus formed first in the stages of embryonic development (ex: human)
mantle (mollusks)
thin tissue layer draped over animal, outgrowth of body; produces shell (mollusks)
foot (mollusks)
muscular mass of tissue; used for movement, burrowing and capturing prey (mollusks)
radula (mollusks)
snails and slugs use it to eat; used to scrape algae off rocks or drill through shells (mollusks)
cephalization
concentration of nerve cells and sense organs at the anterior (front) end of the body (ex: the brain in humans)
mesoderm
middle layer of tissue, becomes muscles and other major organ systems
invertebrate
- an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod, mollusk, and annelid
- have exoskeleton or no skeleton
Ectotherms
animals that cannot regulate their internal body temperature; body temperature depends on the environment
Endotherms
animals that can regulate their internal body temperature
Hydrostatic skeleton
a structure found in many ectothermic organisms and soft-bodied animals consisting of a fluid-filled cavity, the coelom, surrounded by muscles. The pressure of the fluid and action of the surrounding circular, longitudinal, and/or helical muscles are used to change an organism’s shape and produce movement.
Cnidocyte
a stinging cell of a cnidarian
Spicules
small, spike shaped particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide that make up the skeleton of some sponges
Filter feeder
organism that filters small particles from water to get its food
segmented body
A body that is divided in to visible sections; Cephalic-head, thoracic-chest, abdomen-abdomen.
Exoskeleton
A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection.
antenna
A paired appendage attached to the head that contains sense organs for touch and odor.
cephalothorax
Fusion of the head and thorax.
Malphigian tubules
In Anthropods, where mineral salts and uric acid accumulate before they are transported to intestine to be expelled with solid wastethrough the anus.
segmentation
Division of an animal body along its length into a series of repeated parts called segments
Setae
“bristle worms”=chitinous bristles. anchor segments during locomotion; long, hairlike, aquatic = swimming; stiff (burrowing) = aid in preventing worms from being pulled out or washed out
Clitellum
no permanent sex organs
Protonephridia
a system of flame bulbs or cells that are a primitive type of excretory and osmoregulatory
Nephridia
(in many invertebrate animals) a tubule open to the exterior that acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation. It typically has ciliated or flagellated cells and absorptive walls
parapodia (worms)
each of a number of paired muscular bristle-bearing appendages used in locomotion, sensation, or respiration
parapodia (mollusca)
a lateral extension of the foot used as an undulating fin for swimming
green gland
Glands that filter waste out of the bloodstream of an arthropod.
antennule
A smaller set of antenna found on crustaceans.
water vascular system and ex.
a system of closed, fluid-filled tubes and ducts of echinoderms used in clinging, locomotion, feeding, and respiration; starfish
head
The cephalic part of an organism, especially the body part containing the brain and/or most organs used for feeding and/or sensing
thorax
The middle region of the body of an insect, usually bears the legs and wings
abdomen
- (mammals) the part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis; belly
- (arthropods) the posterior section of the body behind the thorax or the cephalothorax
notochord
a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
postanal tail
an extension of the spinal chord that extends beyond the animal’s anus;feature of all chordates; used for propulsion in water
dorsal hollow nerve cord
- plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube dorsal to notochord
- becomes central nervous system: brain and spinal cord
Amnion
The amnion grows around the embryo, forming a fluid-filled sac in which the embryo floats
Amniotic egg
type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and prototherian (egg-laying) mammals (amniotes), in which the embryo develops inside an amnion
- shell is either calcium-based or leathery.
homeotherms
animals with a fairly constant body temp
ray-finned fish
bony fish;
- symmetrical tales
- mobile fins
- advanced dorsal fin split into two regions
- anterior dorsal fin with spines, posterior dorsal with rays
lobe-finned fish
lobe-finned fish have a central appendage in their fins containing many bones and muscles, very flexible & potentially useful for supporting the body on land, as in lungfish and tetrapods
-Tetrapods are thought to have evolved from primitive lobe-finned fish.
Tetrapods
vertebrates with four limbs
poikilotherm
some fish, amphibians, reptiles; an organism whose internal temperature varies considerably, the opposite of a homeotherm
nictating membrane
in frogs- to protect the eye, and keep the eye moist and keeping water out
cutaneous breathing
aka cutaneous gas exchange, is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of an organism rather than gills or lungs, ex: frogs
