Exam 4

Question 1

How many naturall occuring isotopes are there?

Answer 1

300

Question 2

Alpha Radiaton

Answer 2

parent nuclide release to daughter nuclei

4_2He

Question 3

Nuclear equation represents…

Answer 3

changes that occur during radioactivity and other nuclear processes

Question 4

Nuclide

Answer 4

specific isotope in nuclear chemistry

Question 5

Parent nuclide

Answer 5

origninal atom

Question 6

Daughter Nuclide

Question 7

Balanced Nuclear Equations

Answer 7

sum of the atomic numbers

Question 8

Alpha Radiation

Answer 8

has the most ionizing power, but the least penetrating power

Question 9

Beta radiation

Answer 9

occurs when a unstable nucleaus emits an electron, as the emission occurs a nuetron turns into a proton

^0-1e

Question 10

Gamma Radiation

Answer 10

different from alpha or beta radiation, Gamma radiation is not matter but electromagnetic radiation

^0_0y

Question 11

Beta particle symbol

Answer 11

^0_-1e

Question 12

Gamma Rays

Answer 12

lowest ionizing power but highest penetrating power

Question 13

Electron Capture

Answer 13

electron in the 1s shell is captured by the nucleus and a proton is converted to a nuetron

Question 14

Beta particles

Answer 14

intermediate ionizing power

intermediate penetrating power

Question 15

Half-life

Answer 15

times it takes for half of the parent nuclides in a radioactive sample to decay to the daughter nuclides

Question 16

Acid-Base Buffers

Answer 16

solution that lessens the impact of pH from the addition of acid or base

Question 17

conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 17

both species are appreciable quantities in solution

Question 18

Carbon-14

Answer 18

constantly formed in the upper atmosphere by the nuetron bombardment of nitrogen

continuous formation of carbon-14 in the atmosphere and its continuous decay back to nitrogen-14 produce a nearly constant equilibrium concentration of atmospheric carbon-14

Question 19

carbon-14 half life

Answer 19

5730 years

Question 20

geiger counter

Answer 20

cathode and anode tube with voltage souce and amplifier to mueasure radiation

Question 21

units of radiation intensity

Answer 21

1 becquerel(Bq)= 1 dep(disintegration per second)

1 curie(Ci)= 3.7x10¹⁰ dps

Question 22

intensity of radiation

Answer 22

inversly proportional to the square of distance from the source

Question 23

radiation dosimetry

Answer 23

all radiaton is not the same in terms of its cell damaging effects. the damage depends on the ionizing power, the intensity and the length of exposure

Question 24

units of dose

Roentgen

Question 25

nuclear fission

Answer 25

the splitting of the atom to produce protons and energy

Question 26

size of activation barrier

Answer 26

determines rate of reaction

Question 27

concentration

Answer 27

reaction rate increases whten the concenttation of either of both reactants increases

Question 28

effect of decreasing temperature

Answer 28

virtually all reactions, rate increases as temperature increases

* approixmate rule, with every 10 degress C increase, rate doubles

Question 29

catalysts

Answer 29

speed up the reaction by lowering the activation energy

(provides an alternative reaction pathway)

Question 30

equilibrium constant

Answer 30

product of the concentrations of products of a

Question 31

water

Answer 31

no water in Ka associations, but in chemical reactions

Question 32

pressure effect

Answer 32

pressure increase shifts equilibrium to right

pressure decrease shifts equilibrium to left

Question 33

exothermic reactions

Answer 33

increase in temp drives reaction towards reactants

decrease in temp drives an exothermic reaction toward the produtct

Question 34

arrhenious acids

Answer 34

acid- generates H⁺ ions in solution (proton donor)

Base generates OH^- ions in solution (proton acceptor)

Question 35

conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 35

differ only by presonce or absence of a proton

Question 36

triprotic acid

Answer 36

donates 3 protons

ex: H₃PO₄

Question 37

conjugate base of H₂PO₄^-

Answer 37

HPO₄^2-