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Psyc 101 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process thru which the real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual

A

Social influence

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2
Q

Changing one’s own behavior to match that of other ppl.

A

Conformity. If a public response is required women to show more conformity

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3
Q

Asch’s classic study on Conformity

A

6 of 7 participants were confederates. Only next to last person a real participant. Confederates picked same incorrect line, real participant confirmed. Conformity increased with each new confederate until 4. Conformity decreased if 1 person picked correct answer

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4
Q

Kind of thinking that occurs when ppl place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than in assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned

A

Groupthink

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5
Q

Characteristics of groupthink

A

Invulnerability (can’t fail), rationalization, lack of introspection, stereotyping, pressure, lack of disagreement, self description, insularity

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6
Q

Changing one’s behavior as a result of other ppl directing or asking for the change

A

Compliance

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7
Q

When authority exists and a behavior is changed as a result

A

Obedience

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8
Q

The scientific study of how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others

A

Social psychology

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9
Q

Stanley Milgram’s obedience Study

A

Experiment where participants (teacher) where told to give a shock to the learner for each incorrect answer. 65% went all the way to 450 volts

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10
Q

Negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group

A

Prejudice

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11
Q

Treating ppl differently because of prejudice toward the social group they belong

A

Discrimination

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12
Q

Social groups with whom a person identifies, us

A

In-group

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13
Q

Social groups with whom a person dOes not identify, them

A

Out-groups

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14
Q

Jane Elliott’s Brown Eyes, Blue Eyes experiment

A

Teacher taught children prejudice n discrimination by separating students according to eye color and treated one group unfairly. The group receiving unfair treatment scored lower when tested

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15
Q

The pattern of behavior that is expected of a person who is I a particular social position

A

Social role

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16
Q

rules of behavior that are considered acceptable in a group or society. When not followed people may be shunned or suffer some kind of consequence.

A

Social norms

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17
Q

Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Study 1971

A

Study about social roles/norms. About 70 people, mostly college students, were given roles of guards or inmates. After inmates staged a revolt, guards became more aggressive. The 14 day experiment was cancelled on the 5th day

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18
Q

Socially desirable behavior that benefits others

A

Prosocial behavior

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19
Q

Prosocial behavior that is done worth no expectation of reward and may involve the risk of harm to oneself

A

Altruism

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20
Q

1964 Catherine “Kitty” Genovese was stabbed, rapped and killed by a man she didn’t know. A police investigation determined at least 38 ppl heard or watched some part of the attack. No one called the police till it was over

A

Bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility

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21
Q

2007 LaShanda Calloway was stabbed to death in an convenience store. Surveillance captured 5 ppl who stepped over her and continued shopping and one person who stopped and took a picture of her

A

Bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility

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22
Q

Referring to the effect that the presence of other ppl has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increases

A

Bystander effect

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23
Q

Occurring when a person fails to take responsibility for action or inaction because of the presence of other ppl who are seen to share responsibility

A

Diffusion of responsibility

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24
Q

Latane and Darley’s Smoke Experiment

A

Study on bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility
Participant alone 3/4 reported smoke
3 Participants about 1/3 reported smoke
Participants with confederate 1/10 reported smoke

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25
Q

Latane and Darley’s 5 Decision Points

A 
Noticing
Defining an emergency
Taking responsibility
Planning a course of action
Taking action
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26
Q

Focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in the development of personality. Also heavily focused on biological causes of personality differences

A

Freud’s Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic perspective

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27
Q

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave

A

personality

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28
Q

Conscious Mind

A

part of mind aware of immediate thoughts, feelings, and emotions

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29
Q

Preconscious Mind

A

made of info that is available but not currently conscious

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30
Q

Unconscious Mind

A

contains info that is not easily accessible to the conscious mind. largest part of mind according to Freud

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31
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Frued’s technique for helping people experiencing mental health issues involves talk therapy

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32
Q

Free Association

A

saying whatever comes to mind as you respond to specific word or phrase

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33
Q

Dream Analysis

A

analysis of dreams. Freud believed they were symbolic

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34
Q

Projective Technique

A

test that present a subject with an ambiguous(unclear) stimulus and asks them what they see (inkblot test)

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35
Q

Id

A

part of personality present at birth and completely unconscious. impulsive, demanding, pleasure seeking. inner child

36
Q

pleasure principle

A

principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences

37
Q

ego

A

develpops at 2-3 yrs old, part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational and logical. constrains the id to reality and constrains the demands of the superego. should be strongest part of personality

38
Q

reality principle

A

principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result

39
Q

superego

A

develops around age 5. part of the personality that acts as a moral center. contains the conscience. wants you to uphold morals at all cost. not bound to reality

40
Q

unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety

A

psychological defense mechanisms

41
Q

psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation

A

denial

42
Q

psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind

A

repression

43
Q

psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feelings

A

projection

44
Q

psychological defense mechanism in which a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others

A

reaction formation

45
Q

psychological defense mechanism in which a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations

A

regression

46
Q

first stage occurring in the first year to year and a half of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is primary conflict

A

oral stage

47
Q

oral fixation adult behavior

A

overeating, drinking too much, chain smoking, talking too much, nail biting, gum chewing, and tendency to be either too dependent and optimistic(when the oral needs are over-induldged) or too a aggressive and pessimistic(when the oral needs are denied)

48
Q

second stage occuring from about 1 or 1 1/2 years of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict

A

anal stage

49
Q

anal fixation adult behavior

A

sees messiness as a statement of personal control and who is somewhat destructive and hostile

50
Q

anal expulsive personality

A

seen as slobs

51
Q

anal retentive personality

A

usually stingy, stubborn, and excessively neat

52
Q

third stage occurring from 3-6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings

A

phallic stage

53
Q

Interaction of Id, Ego, & Superego

A

anxiety is a sign that the control of the ego is being threatened. a well balanced mind is free from anxiety

54
Q

phallic fixation adult behavior

A

promiscuous sexual behavior and very vain. mama’s boys in men

55
Q

fourth stage occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child develops in other ways. social skills and intellectual skills, age 6- puberty

A

latency stage

56
Q

final stage of development, puberty to death. entry into adult and sexual behavior

A

genital stage

57
Q

any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life

A

psychological disorder

58
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)

A

book that identifies the symptoms and criteria for all mental heath disorders

59
Q

disorders in which the main symptom in excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness

A

anxiety disorders

60
Q

an irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity

A

phobia

61
Q

fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation

A

social anxiety disorder

62
Q

fear of objects or specific situations or events

A

specific phobia

63
Q

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible

A

angoraphobia

64
Q

d/o in which panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty adjusting in life

A

panic disorder

65
Q

sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying

A

panic attack

66
Q

d/o in a person has feelings of dread and impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress, which last 6 months or more

A

generalized anxiety disorder

67
Q

d/o in which intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental act(compulsion).

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

68
Q

d/o resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, problems in concentration, and moments in which people seem to relive the event in dreams and flashbacks for as long as 1 month following the event

A

acute stress disorder (ASD)

69
Q

d/o resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting 1 month, or first occurring 6 months or later after traumatic event

A

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

70
Q

d/o in which moods is severely disturbed

A

mood disorders

71
Q

severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause, or is too severe for current circumstances. women are twice as likely to be diagnosed as men

A

major depressive disorder

72
Q

a mood d/o consisting of the same cognitive and physical problems as in depression, with less severe but longer-lasting symptoms. at least 2 years

A

persistent depressive disorder

73
Q

severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes

A

bipolar disorder

74
Q

having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation of irritability

A

manic

75
Q

d/o in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination

A

dissociative disorders

76
Q

d/o occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body

A

dissociative personality disorder

77
Q

severe d/o in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality

A

schizophrenia

78
Q

false beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness

A

delusions

79
Q

false sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that do not really exist

A

hallucinations

80
Q

a lack of emotional responsiveness

A

flat effect

81
Q

emotions are excessive or inappropriate

A

emotional distubances

82
Q

behaviors are disorganized or off

A

behavioral disturbances

83
Q

d/o in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions

A

personality disorders

84
Q

d/o in which person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior

A

antisocial personality disorder

85
Q

maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often slings to others

A

borderline personality disorder

Psyc 101 (4 decks)

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