Exam 3 Flashcards
French psychologist who designed the first formal test of intelligence
Alfred Binet
Identified children who are unable to learn as quickly. Tests child’s mental age
Binet’s Mental Ability Test
Age at which child could successfully answer a particular level of questions
Mental Age
A number representing a measure of intelligence
IQ= MA/CA
Intelligence Quotient
A distribution in which the scores are the most frequent around the mean and beCome less and less frequent the further from the mean they occur
Normal curve
The degree to which a test actually measures what it’s supposed to measure
Validity
Individuals whose behavioral and cognitive skills exist at a earlier development stage than the silks of others who are the same chronological age
Developmental Delayed
Criteria for Developmental Delayed
- IQ below 70 or 2 standard deviations below the mean
- Adaptive limitations skills Thai allow ppl to live independently are severely below a level appropriate for the person’s age
Classifications of Intellectual Disability
Mild. 55-70 90%
Moderate. 40-55. 6%
Severe. 25-40. 3%
Profound.
Causes of intellectual disability
Unhealthy living conditions, lead poisoning, exposure to PCBs, prenatal exposure to mercury, poor nutrition resulting in inadequate brain development, lack of stimulation in formative years, downs syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Gifted
IQ ^130 2% of population
Genius
IQ ^ 140-145
Multiple intelligence theory (Gardner)
Believed there are different aspects of intelligence
Verbal, musical, logical/mathematical, visual/spacial, movement, interpersonal, interpersonal, naturalist, existentialist
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Analytical intelligence
Creative intelligence
Practical intelligence
Analytical intelligence
The ability to break down into component parts for problem solving
Creative intelligence
The ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems
Practical intelligence
The ability to use information to get along in life and become successful
The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met
Motivation
A requirement of some material that is essential for survival of the organism
Need
A need that involves a strong desire to succeed in obtaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones. Have careers where others evaluate then
Need for achievement
The need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others. Good team players
Need for affiliation
The need to have control or influence over others. Need ideas to be used regardless of if it will work. Status and prestige are important
Need for power
Maslow’s hierarchy needs
Physiological needs Safety needs Belongingness/love needs Esteem needs Cognitive needs Aesthetic needs Self actualization needs Transcendence needs
The psychological aspects of being male or female
Sex/gender
The culture’s expectations for masculine or feminine behavior
Gender roles
The process of acquiring gender role characteristics. Influenced by both biological and environmental factors
Gender typing
The individual’s sense of being male or female
Gender identity
Emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of models. Attributes gender role development tip this process
Social learning theory
Masters and Johnson’s 1977 study
Study of human sexual response. 700 men and woman. Used equipment to measure physiological activity.
4 phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
The Kinsey report
Zoologist conducted face to face surveys. Believed sexual orientation was not an either/our situation some ppl fall in the middle. Results flawed
The Janus report (1993)
Began in 1983, sampled 3000 ppl from all 48 mainland states. 19% men and 8% women had sex by age 14
Term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral response to the events that are appraised as threatening or challenging
Stress
The effect of positive events, or the optimal amount of stress that ppl need to promote health and well being
Eustress
How stress effects the body
^ b/p and heart rate, destruction of neurons,sweat, vasoconstriction, changes in chemical production
How do stress affect us
Decrease in func of immune sys NK cells ^ In risk for heart disease Decrease in cognitive skills Decrease in sleep
Assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person’s life over a 1 year period resulting from major life events
The social readjustment rating scale SRRS
The degree to which we feel we have control over a situation determines the amount of stress we feel
Uncontrollability
The feeling produced by blocking of a desired goal or need
Frustration
Approach-approach conflict
Conflict occurring when a person must choose between 2 desirable goals
Approach-avoidance conflict
Conflict occurring when a person must choose or not choose a goal that has positive and negative aspects
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Conflict which a person has to choose between two undesirable goals
Double approach-avoidance conflict
Conflict in which a person must decide between 2 goals, with each goal having positive and negative aspects
Multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Conflict which the person must decide between more than 2 goals, each having positive and negative aspects
Primary appraisal
1st step in assessing stress, estimating severity of stressor and classify it as threat or challenge
Secondary appraisal
2nd step in assessing a threat, estimating resources available to the person for coping with stressor
Type A personality
Workaholic, ambitious, time conscious, and tends to have increased levels of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed
Type B personality
Relaxed and laid back, less driven and competitive than type a, and slow to anger
Type C personality
Pleasant but repressed.
Hardy personality
Thrives on stress but lacks the anger and hostility of Type A personality
3Cs: commitment, control, challenge
Social support
The network of family, friends, and others who can offer support, comfort, or aid to person I need. Linked to decrease stress
The ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems
Intelligence
Optimist
Person who expects positive outcomes. Reports low stress. ^ immune sys
