Exam 4 Flashcards
What types of organisms make up subkingdom Eumetazoa?
Segmented body plans, bilaterally symmetrical organisms, possess an internal body cavity
Which adaptations contribute to improved motility?
Segmentation, internal body cavity, bilateral symmetry
What stage of embryo development consists of a simple hollow ball of cells?
Blastula
What is the percentage of animal species with backbones?
1%
Do all animals with bilateral symmetrical body plans have body cavities while not all animals with body cavities are bilaterally symmetrical?
false
What phylum has pseudocoelmates?
Nematoda
Which phyla have segmented body plans?
arthropoda, annelida, chordata, mollusca, echnodermata
What is made possible by an internal body cavity?
Improved embryonic development, improved organ efficiency, improved motility
What are the characteristics of protostome development?
The first opening of the blastospore becomes the oral end, early cell division is spiral, cells in early development are fixed early (Determinate), mesoderm forms from endodermal cells near the blastospore
What stage of animal development do the primary germ layers begin to differentiate?
Gastrula
In coelomates, where does the coelom form?
forms entirely withing the mesoderm
In psudocoelomates, where does the psudocoelom form?
between the endoderm and mesoderm
Which phyla contain coelomates?
Mollusca, echnodermata, annelida, chordata, arthropoda
Where is the dorsal end?
top/back
Where is the ventral end?
bottom, stomach
Where is the anterior end?
front/head
Where is the posterior end?
back/tail
Process during animal development whereby cells divide and get progressively smaller with each round of division
Cleavage
What phyla dominate the terrestrial surface of the planet?
Arthropdoa, chordata
Process during animal development whereby cells divide and get progressively smaller with each round of division
Cleavage
What is derived from the mesoderm germ layer?
muscle, skeletal, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, connective tissues
What type of metabolism does the common ancestor of animals have?
chemoheterotrophic
What typed of life cycle does the common ancestor of animals have?
gametic life cycle
What cell wall material does the common ancestor of animals have?
no cell wall
What energy storage molecule does the common ancestor of animals have?
glycogen
What phyla lack a coelom?
Platyhelminthes, Porifera, cnidaria
What phyla are composed of species undergo protostome development?
Anthropoda, nematoda, annelida, mollusca, platyhelminthes
Which adaptations result in an increase in the flexibility of the animal body?
Body cavity, segmentation
What phyla are composed of species undergo protostome development?
Anthropoda, nematoda, annelida, mollusca, platyhelminthes
What factor affects early cell differentiation in animals?
proteins and RNAs inherited from the mother in the egg cytoplasm
The stage of animal develoment wherein the blastopore begins to form
Blastula
Stage of animal development where differences between protostome and deuterostome development occur
cleavage
What is derived from the ectoderm germ layer?
skin and nervous system
What is derived from the endoderm germ layer?
gut lining and digestive organs
What phyla is sister to Chordata?
Echnodermata
What traits are found in some or all the species of radiata?
radial symmetry
What are maternal factors?
RNAs and proteins
What phyla is sister to arthropoda
Nematoda
What are maternal factors?
RNAs and proteins
Largest animal phylum
Arthropoda
Which phyla are composed of species that undergo deuterostome development?
Chordata and Echnodermata
What is a natural group of animal phyla?
Annelida, mollusca, platyhelpminthes
Where are maternal factors found?
egg cytoplasm
Define tissue
group of functionally and structurally similar cells organized into a structural and functional unit
What drives later stages of animal development?
embryonic induction, cell to cell communication
