bio 106 exam 1 Flashcards
Group of Archaebacteria composed of species that grow in hydrothermal thermal vent communities
Thermophiles
Which groups are composed of species that begin each new protein with the amino acid methionine?
Archae and eukaryia
Term that describes an intimate association between individuals of two or more species where one participant benefits while the other is harmed
Parasitism
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that cause anthrax
Contact
What is a suitable carbon source(s) for a photoheterotrophic organism?
Glucose
Halophilic archaebacteria can tolerate…
Salinities in the range of 15-20%
Briefly describe a mutualism involving bacteria, identify the participating organisms, and explain the benefits experienced by each participant.
Bacteria in the human large intestine assimilate vitamin K for the human, the bacteria is given an environment where it can thrive
Group of bikonts composed of species that share unique derived 18S ribosomal DNA and possess a cytopharynx.
Excavobionta
Cell wall material found in species of eubacteria.
Peptidoglycain
Cell wall-forming monomer found in species of eukaryotes.
Glucose
Genus in which humans (Homo sapiens) are placed?
Homo
Term that describes an intimate association between individuals of two, or more, different species wherein all participating individuals benefit.
mutualism
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that cause typhus.
Arthropod vector
Father of the modern binomial naming system.
Linnaeus
Name and number the 8 levels of the biological taxonomic hierarchy in order of most-inclusive (#1) to least-inclusive (#8).
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Group of bikonts that share unique, un-equally-sized flagella.
Stramenopiles
Approximate age of the oldest known eukaryotic cell-like fossils.
2.5 billion years
Approximate number of named (i.e. “known”) species in the world.
1.7 million
Which characteristics do all members of any given species usually have in common?
Reproductive compatibility, Physical similarity
List characteristics of eukaryotic cells
larger than 15um, reproduce sexually and asexually, compartmentalized, glucose based cell wall, linear DNA called chromosomes
Group of bikonts that possess chlorophylls a and c, unique gene rearrangements, and unique subcellular structures.
Chromoalveolate
Which molecules comprise the glycoprotein that forms the cell wall of eubacteria?
N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
Cell membrane phospholipid characteristics of the eubacteria.
Straight-chain fatty acids attached to glycerol by an ester linkage
What molecules comprise the glycoprotein that forms the cell wall of archaebacteria?
N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine
Characteristic used to group objects in a classification.
Degree of similarity
What is a suitable energy source(s) for a photoautotrophic organism?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
What is true of scientific species names?
They are unique and They are universally recognized
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that cause cholera.
Food
Domain(s) composed of unicellular life forms that lack cellular organelles.
Archae and Eubacteria
What is a suitable carbon source(s) for a chemoautotrophic organism?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Type(s) of archaebacteria that are found in wetlands.
Methanogens
A natural group of eukaryotes composed of ca. 425,000 species possessing unique gene arrangements and biflagellate cells.
Bikonts
Define Symbiosis
Intimate relationship between individuals of two or more species when one lives on or in the other or contributes to a critical life function.
Most abundant group of organisms on the planet.
Bacteria (eubacteia)
Cell wall material found in species of archaebacteria.
Pseudomurein
Which metabolisms result in the fixation of carbon?
Chemoautotrophism and Photoautotrophism
Group of unikonts composed of species with various shared genetic similarities, most of which use chitin as a structural molecule (but lost in some), and with a single propulsive posterior flagellum.
Opisthokonta
Group of archaebacteria composed of species that are strict anaerobes.
Methanogens
What is true of the prokaryotic cell?
Cell diameter generally < 5 μm diameter. Flagellated (some), Possesses single circular DNA molecule called a nucleoid, no organelles, no nucleus, attack others by secretary proteins, fertility plasmid creates conjugation bridge.
Describe the three anthropocentric aspects of bacteria presented in class.
invirtro synthesis of therapeutic protein/hormones, manufacturing food, medicine sources.
What domains contain species capable of sexual reproduction?
Eukaryia
Group of archaebacteria composed of species that live on the ocean floor, at great depths.
Barophiles
Cell membrane phospholipid characteristics of the eukaryotes.
Straight-chain fatty acids attached to glycerol by an ester linkage
What is a valid scientific species names?
Turdus migratorius and T. migratorius
What groups is/are composed of species that have introns in their genes?
Archae and Eukaryia
What is a suitable energy source(s) for a chemoautotrophic organism?
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Term that describes an intimate association between individuals of two, or more, different species wherein one, or more, individuals of one species benefit while individuals of the other species are unaffected.
Commensalism
Describe the four benefits that human derive from classifying and creating classifications.
knowledge allows for the “reckoning” of classifying objects, provides an inventory of known objects, provides a means of identification for “unknown” species, predictive power.
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes Botulism
improperly prepared food
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes Chlamydia
STD, contact
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes Gonorrhea
STD, contact
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy)
contact
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes peptic ulcers
ingestion
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes plague
arthropod vector
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes lyme disease
arthropod vector
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes pneumonia
airborne
Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
airborne
Study of diversity
Systematics
How many named species of bacteria are there?
ca 5,000
Define species
A group of individuals that share fundamental characteristics
Net annual production of methane
2 billion tons
Super group that unicellular and motile cells of multicellular organisms possess a single falgellum
Unikonta
Unikont group that share uniquely derived ribosomal DNA and actin gene sequences
Amebozoa
Super group of unicellular organisms and motile cells of multicellular organisms possess two flagella
Bikonta
Bikonts that share a system of air sacs beneath cell membrane
Avolates
Bikonts that share uniquely derived 18 S DNA sequences
Brhizaria
Bikonts with chloroplasts
Green Algae
What is the common name for Pertussis?
Whooping cough
All of the Pertussis deaths were infants under what age?
3
Does the Pertussis vaccine protect you for life?
No, it wears off
What percent of kids were infected by their caregivers?
50%
When do infants get their first Pertussis Vaccine?
2 months
What is the cocooning strategy?
Anyone who comes in contact with the newborn is vaccinated
How is Pertussis spread?
droplet
Is the whoop sound usually present in patients under 6 months and adults?
no
When does the Pertussis vaccine wane?
After 5 years
Cell membrane phospholipid characteristics of the archaebacteria.
Branched fatty acids attached to glycerol by ether linkages
