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Bio 106 > bio 106 exam 1 > Flashcards

bio 106 exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Group of Archaebacteria composed of species that grow in hydrothermal thermal vent communities

A

Thermophiles

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1
Q

Which groups are composed of species that begin each new protein with the amino acid methionine?

A

Archae and eukaryia

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2
Q

Term that describes an intimate association between individuals of two or more species where one participant benefits while the other is harmed

A

Parasitism

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3
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that cause anthrax

A

Contact

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4
Q

What is a suitable carbon source(s) for a photoheterotrophic organism?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

Halophilic archaebacteria can tolerate…

A

Salinities in the range of 15-20%

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6
Q

Briefly describe a mutualism involving bacteria, identify the participating organisms, and explain the benefits experienced by each participant.

A

Bacteria in the human large intestine assimilate vitamin K for the human, the bacteria is given an environment where it can thrive

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7
Q

Group of bikonts composed of species that share unique derived 18S ribosomal DNA and possess a cytopharynx.

A

Excavobionta

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8
Q

Cell wall material found in species of eubacteria.

A

Peptidoglycain

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9
Q

Cell wall-forming monomer found in species of eukaryotes.

A

Glucose

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10
Q

Genus in which humans (Homo sapiens) are placed?

A

Homo

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11
Q

Term that describes an intimate association between individuals of two, or more, different species wherein all participating individuals benefit.

A

mutualism

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12
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that cause typhus.

A

Arthropod vector

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13
Q

Father of the modern binomial naming system.

A

Linnaeus

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14
Q

Name and number the 8 levels of the biological taxonomic hierarchy in order of most-inclusive (#1) to least-inclusive (#8).

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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15
Q

Group of bikonts that share unique, un-equally-sized flagella.

A

Stramenopiles

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16
Q

Approximate age of the oldest known eukaryotic cell-like fossils.

A

2.5 billion years

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17
Q

Approximate number of named (i.e. “known”) species in the world.

A

1.7 million

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18
Q

Which characteristics do all members of any given species usually have in common?

A

Reproductive compatibility, Physical similarity

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19
Q

List characteristics of eukaryotic cells

A

larger than 15um, reproduce sexually and asexually, compartmentalized, glucose based cell wall, linear DNA called chromosomes

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20
Q

Group of bikonts that possess chlorophylls a and c, unique gene rearrangements, and unique subcellular structures.

A

Chromoalveolate

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21
Q

Which molecules comprise the glycoprotein that forms the cell wall of eubacteria?

A

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

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22
Q

Cell membrane phospholipid characteristics of the eubacteria.

A

Straight-chain fatty acids attached to glycerol by an ester linkage

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23
Q

What molecules comprise the glycoprotein that forms the cell wall of archaebacteria?

A

N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine

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24
Q

Characteristic used to group objects in a classification.

A

Degree of similarity

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25
Q

What is a suitable energy source(s) for a photoautotrophic organism?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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26
Q

What is true of scientific species names?

A

They are unique and They are universally recognized

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27
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that cause cholera.

A

Food

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28
Q

Domain(s) composed of unicellular life forms that lack cellular organelles.

A

Archae and Eubacteria

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29
Q

What is a suitable carbon source(s) for a chemoautotrophic organism?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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30
Q

Type(s) of archaebacteria that are found in wetlands.

A

Methanogens

31
Q

A natural group of eukaryotes composed of ca. 425,000 species possessing unique gene arrangements and biflagellate cells.

A

Bikonts

32
Q

Define Symbiosis

A

Intimate relationship between individuals of two or more species when one lives on or in the other or contributes to a critical life function.

33
Q

Most abundant group of organisms on the planet.

A

Bacteria (eubacteia)

34
Q

Cell wall material found in species of archaebacteria.

A

Pseudomurein

35
Q

Which metabolisms result in the fixation of carbon?

A

Chemoautotrophism and Photoautotrophism

36
Q

Group of unikonts composed of species with various shared genetic similarities, most of which use chitin as a structural molecule (but lost in some), and with a single propulsive posterior flagellum.

A

Opisthokonta

37
Q

Group of archaebacteria composed of species that are strict anaerobes.

A

Methanogens

38
Q

What is true of the prokaryotic cell?

A

Cell diameter generally < 5 μm diameter. Flagellated (some), Possesses single circular DNA molecule called a nucleoid, no organelles, no nucleus, attack others by secretary proteins, fertility plasmid creates conjugation bridge.

39
Q

Describe the three anthropocentric aspects of bacteria presented in class.

A

invirtro synthesis of therapeutic protein/hormones, manufacturing food, medicine sources.

40
Q

What domains contain species capable of sexual reproduction?

A

Eukaryia

41
Q

Group of archaebacteria composed of species that live on the ocean floor, at great depths.

A

Barophiles

42
Q

Cell membrane phospholipid characteristics of the eukaryotes.

A

Straight-chain fatty acids attached to glycerol by an ester linkage

43
Q

What is a valid scientific species names?

A

Turdus migratorius and T. migratorius

44
Q

What groups is/are composed of species that have introns in their genes?

A

Archae and Eukaryia

45
Q

What is a suitable energy source(s) for a chemoautotrophic organism?

A

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

46
Q

Term that describes an intimate association between individuals of two, or more, different species wherein one, or more, individuals of one species benefit while individuals of the other species are unaffected.

A

Commensalism

47
Q

Describe the four benefits that human derive from classifying and creating classifications.

A

knowledge allows for the “reckoning” of classifying objects, provides an inventory of known objects, provides a means of identification for “unknown” species, predictive power.

48
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes Botulism

A

improperly prepared food

49
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes Chlamydia

A

STD, contact

50
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes Gonorrhea

A

STD, contact

51
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy)

A

contact

52
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes peptic ulcers

A

ingestion

53
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes plague

A

arthropod vector

54
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes lyme disease

A

arthropod vector

55
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes pneumonia

A

airborne

56
Q

Mechanism of transmission for the bacteria that causes tuberculosis

A

airborne

57
Q

Study of diversity

A

Systematics

58
Q

How many named species of bacteria are there?

A

ca 5,000

59
Q

Define species

A

A group of individuals that share fundamental characteristics

60
Q

Net annual production of methane

A

2 billion tons

61
Q

Super group that unicellular and motile cells of multicellular organisms possess a single falgellum

A

Unikonta

62
Q

Unikont group that share uniquely derived ribosomal DNA and actin gene sequences

A

Amebozoa

63
Q

Super group of unicellular organisms and motile cells of multicellular organisms possess two flagella

A

Bikonta

64
Q

Bikonts that share a system of air sacs beneath cell membrane

A

Avolates

65
Q

Bikonts that share uniquely derived 18 S DNA sequences

A

Brhizaria

66
Q

Bikonts with chloroplasts

A

Green Algae

67
Q

What is the common name for Pertussis?

A

Whooping cough

68
Q

All of the Pertussis deaths were infants under what age?

A

3

69
Q

Does the Pertussis vaccine protect you for life?

A

No, it wears off

70
Q

What percent of kids were infected by their caregivers?

A

50%

71
Q

When do infants get their first Pertussis Vaccine?

A

2 months

72
Q

What is the cocooning strategy?

A

Anyone who comes in contact with the newborn is vaccinated

73
Q

How is Pertussis spread?

A

droplet

74
Q

Is the whoop sound usually present in patients under 6 months and adults?

A

no

75
Q

When does the Pertussis vaccine wane?

A

After 5 years

76
Q

Cell membrane phospholipid characteristics of the archaebacteria.

A

Branched fatty acids attached to glycerol by ether linkages

Bio 106 (7 decks)

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