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Microbiology Final > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some established reservoirs for influenza?

A

Domesticated and wild turkeys, pigs

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2
Q

Vaccines are available for all sexually transmitted diseases.

A

False

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3
Q

If not treated completely with antibiotics, group A streptococci can cause severe post infection diseases.

A

True

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4
Q

Vaccination is a type of artificial passive immunization.

A

False

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5
Q

Covid 19 has become an endemic disease worldwide. What is the best evidence for this fact?

A

Large waves of new infections are absent

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6
Q

Upper respiratory tract pathogens are generally more deadly than lower respiratory pathogens.

A

False

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7
Q

People living with HIV are at greater risk for … than the average population.

A

Opportunistic infections

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8
Q

In the US around 15000 liver cancer deaths caused by chronic hep virus C occur each year
HepC treatment can cost 25000-95000 USD without insurance.

A

True, true

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9
Q

The a in DTaP vaccine refers to?

A

The retype of vaccine

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10
Q

What do treatment for covid with paxlovid and certain types of HIV ART have in common?

A

Both inhibit viral protease

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11
Q

Why are most domesticated turkeys recently being raised indoors?

A

To prevent viral infection

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12
Q

During the phase III trials for the covid mRNA vaccine, the majority of side effects were reported in the vaccine arm of the trial.

A

False

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13
Q

AIDS patients world wide ultimately die from?

A

Secondary infections

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14
Q

The flu vaccine is not always effective in preventing severe disease. This can be due to?

A

Variants that arise after production starts

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15
Q

Whooping cough outbreaks across the country have been associated with non medical exemptions. Another factor that has been associated with increased whopping cough incidence is?

A

Acellular vaccines

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16
Q

A certain bacterium has as its reservoirs a rodent only found in the southwest United States. Each year a few human cases of the disease caused by this bacterium are reported in Arizona and New Mexico. This disease can be categorized as?

A

Endemic

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17
Q

Some tick bites have been shown to cause delayed allergic reaction to a mammalian carbohydrate.

A

True

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18
Q

Which of the following can be used as a diagnostic test for a suspected infection?

A

Florescent antibody staining, selective culture media, agglutination

19
Q

What is the viral infection that is transmitted by aerosol droplets.

A

Influenza

20
Q

Heart disease and cancer are the leading cause of death worldwide in the 21st century. Up until the mid twentieth century the top three cases of death were all due to?

A

Infectious diseases

21
Q

Typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever are both caused by?

A

Bacterial parasites

22
Q

The original whooping cough vaccine used in the US was more effective than the one currently being used. Why is this?

A

Original vaccine induced more memory cells

23
Q

Over 300000 people die every year worldwide due to un-treated strep throat.

A

True

24
Q

One reason there are far fewer antiviral drugs is?

A

Viruses use host processes to multiply

25
Q

PreP is a form of antiviral treatment for HIV infection that when taken daily reduces viral load to the point where the person cannot transmit the virus.

A

True

26
Q

Novel chicken virus 7 has a high mortality rate. What kind of evidence would be the most concerning in terms of pandemic risk?

A

Poultry worker family deaths

27
Q

HPV vaccination can still be effective after having sex.
Cancer progression requires prophage integration into a stem cell.

A

True, true

28
Q

A test for anti-covid 19 antibodies on the day of infection would be negative.

A

True

29
Q

When herd immunity against a particular pathogen has been reached in a population … people are protected.

A

Only vaccinated, unvaccinated, only infected

30
Q

Infectious diseases are the cause of about 15% of all deaths worldwide.

A

Trye

31
Q

Small mutations in the genes for the H and N proteins lead to changes int he infectivity of the influenza virus. This is also known as?

A

Genetic drift

32
Q

Smallpox is an endemic disease in parts of Africa.

A

False

33
Q

What is a type of acute infection.

A

Norovirus

34
Q

For any disease, prevalence will be less than incidence.

A

False

35
Q

The onset of an epidemic began with a sharp rise in the number of cases reported over a few days. This indicates that the mode of transmission is?

A

A common source

36
Q

The two leading covid vaccines both contain … packaged in …

A

MRNA, lipid

37
Q

A disease that is present in unusually high numbers throughout the world is called.

A

Pandemic

38
Q

What is an emerging disease in New England?

A

West Nile virus

39
Q

HIV is a … with a … genome. An enzyme called … copies its genome into … which is then integrated into the infected cells DNA.

A

Retrovirus, RNA, reverse transcriptase, DNA

40
Q

The majority of sexually active people will be exposed to HPV.
HPV infections led to cancer when the virus integrates into superficial epithelial cells.

A

True, false

41
Q

Paxlovid is a protease inhibitor, its mechanism of action is similar to certain HIV treatments. The effect of these drugs is?

A

Prevent viruses fusion to host cell

42
Q

Man has created synthetic DNA.
Synthetic DNA molecules have escaped into the environment.

A

True, false

43
Q

What was a breakthrough advancement that led to the success of mRNA vaccines?

A

Advances in backbone stability

44
Q

What accounts for the chance of genetic shift leading to the next flu pandemic?

A

It has a segmented genome

Microbiology Final (4 decks)

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