Exam 3 Flashcards
PDL1 immune checkpoint inhibitor is a … based treatment which can … the number of t cells attacking a tumor.
Antibody, increase
Opsonins?
Increase phagocytosis
Irritable bowel syndrome is an overreaction of the immune system to …
Gut microbiota
Activation of complement leads to what?
Increased inflammation, increased phagocytosis, holes in the bacterial membrane
Natural killer cells …
Kill cells that lack MHC molecules
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is a genetic condition which …
Affects antibody production, affects T cell production
Pathogens with heavily glycosylated outer membranes cannot activate complement
False
The variable region of an antibody is … the constant region signals … by changing shape
A region for binding antigen, antigen is bound
The control line in a rapid test tells you?
You have added enough sample
Major histocompatibility complex proteins are typed in organ transplant cases. They are?
Markers of self, presenter molecules
The older … portion of the human immune system includes receptors that detect double stranded RNA. The … makes specific tools to fight specific pathogens.
Innate, adaptive
Wounds that release pus are a sign that the bacteria is able to kill white blood cells.
Swelling is caused by the release of solutes by the bacteria that increases osmotic pressure.
True, false
Cytokine storms can be caused by certain bacterial infections and or cancer treatment.
True
Antibodies present in a newborn are considered?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Thymic education refers to the process by which … are selected for their ability to recognize … properly.
T cells, host/MHC/self antigen
The inflammatory response includes spiking a fever. This is done by the release of a … which travels to the …
Cytokine, brain
After activation B cell receptors become
Antibodies
The limulus amebocyte Lysate assay can be used to detect … in intravenous solutions.
Endotoxin
Bacteria that are phagocytized are destroyed in the … by a combination of enzymes and …
Lysosome, reactive oxygen species
One type of interferon is expressed when … is detected in a cell. Interferon released into neighboring cells prepares them to …
Double stranded RNA, commit suicide
In humans specific bacterial infections have been treated successfully with fecal transplants.
True
Ackermansia muciniphilia is a human gut bacteria that metabolizes …
Mucus
Certain types of E. coli can cause bloody diarrhea. Which type of toxin do they use to accomplish this?
Cytotoxin
Botulinum toxin is a … which prevents … at neuro muscular junctions
Neurotoxin, vesicle fusion
GALT is part of the … which is responsible for defending against and … pathogens from outside the body.
Lymphatic system, sampling
The following foreign antigens would be detected by the innate immune system except?
2025 influenza proteins
Studies using a mouse model of autism have shown which of the following can lessen the autistic behavior.
A single species of bacteria in their water, a bacterial metabolite in their water
Identity the component that is not part of innate immune defenses.
Cytotoxic t cells
Cholera toxin causes diarrhea by … colonic endothelial cells
Increasing the flow of ions out of
The human microbiome contains all?
Organisms present in and on the body
Bacterial adhesions refer to a species specific interaction between the pathogens and molecules on the cell surface.
True
Fermented food and yoghurt are good sources of prebiotics?
False
What can be used as a diagnostic test for a suspected infection?
Florescent antibody staining, agglutination, secretive culture media
Why are western blots used to confirm rapid diagnostic tests?
They produce a more complex banding pattern
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy does not always work. Antigen positive relapse means the cancer antigen has mutated.
False
The complement system is considered part of the … immune system because it is activated by …
Innate, any bacteria
Type O blood reacts with anti type B antibodies in serologic agglutination tests.
False
What do BCG treatment, halo Nevi, and spontaneous remission have in common?
All suggest a role for the immune system in fighting cancer
Colonic epithelial cells get most of the energy from the blood stream.
False
Coagulase is a … protein used to …
Bacterial, escape immune detection
Certain types of E. coli produce a chemical mutagen called Colibactin. Studies have shown that it causes mutations consistent with … in humans.
Colon cancer
Neutrophil expressed traps are made of?
DNA
Live virus can be used to vaccinate against influenza.
True
Cholera toxin is?
An enterotoxin
Mast cells have receptors for an antibody variable region.
There is an antibody for every allergen.
False, true
HIV specifically attacks and kills helper T cells. This drastically weakens the immune system because helper T cells …
Stimulate antibody and cytotoxic T cell production
Activation of a naive cytotoxic T cell requires engagement of the co receptor pair. Antigen presenting cells and cytotoxic T cells are originally brought together by?
MHC, TCR, and antigen
There is a single antibody gene for every antigen your body will ever encounter.
False
The tuberculosis skin test is type of immediate inflammatory response.
A ring that causes a rash on your finger involved mast cell activation.
False, true
The ability to make antibody quickly after a second exposure to antigen is ultimately due to …
Memory cells
