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Microbiology Final > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

PDL1 immune checkpoint inhibitor is a … based treatment which can … the number of t cells attacking a tumor.

A

Antibody, increase

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2
Q

Opsonins?

A

Increase phagocytosis

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3
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome is an overreaction of the immune system to …

A

Gut microbiota

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4
Q

Activation of complement leads to what?

A

Increased inflammation, increased phagocytosis, holes in the bacterial membrane

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5
Q

Natural killer cells …

A

Kill cells that lack MHC molecules

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6
Q

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is a genetic condition which …

A

Affects antibody production, affects T cell production

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7
Q

Pathogens with heavily glycosylated outer membranes cannot activate complement

A

False

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8
Q

The variable region of an antibody is … the constant region signals … by changing shape

A

A region for binding antigen, antigen is bound

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9
Q

The control line in a rapid test tells you?

A

You have added enough sample

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10
Q

Major histocompatibility complex proteins are typed in organ transplant cases. They are?

A

Markers of self, presenter molecules

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11
Q

The older … portion of the human immune system includes receptors that detect double stranded RNA. The … makes specific tools to fight specific pathogens.

A

Innate, adaptive

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12
Q

Wounds that release pus are a sign that the bacteria is able to kill white blood cells.
Swelling is caused by the release of solutes by the bacteria that increases osmotic pressure.

A

True, false

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13
Q

Cytokine storms can be caused by certain bacterial infections and or cancer treatment.

A

True

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14
Q

Antibodies present in a newborn are considered?

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

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15
Q

Thymic education refers to the process by which … are selected for their ability to recognize … properly.

A

T cells, host/MHC/self antigen

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16
Q

The inflammatory response includes spiking a fever. This is done by the release of a … which travels to the …

A

Cytokine, brain

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17
Q

After activation B cell receptors become

A

Antibodies

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18
Q

The limulus amebocyte Lysate assay can be used to detect … in intravenous solutions.

A

Endotoxin

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19
Q

Bacteria that are phagocytized are destroyed in the … by a combination of enzymes and …

A

Lysosome, reactive oxygen species

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20
Q

One type of interferon is expressed when … is detected in a cell. Interferon released into neighboring cells prepares them to …

A

Double stranded RNA, commit suicide

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21
Q

In humans specific bacterial infections have been treated successfully with fecal transplants.

A

True

22
Q

Ackermansia muciniphilia is a human gut bacteria that metabolizes …

A

Mucus

23
Q

Certain types of E. coli can cause bloody diarrhea. Which type of toxin do they use to accomplish this?

A

Cytotoxin

24
Q

Botulinum toxin is a … which prevents … at neuro muscular junctions

A

Neurotoxin, vesicle fusion

25
Q

GALT is part of the … which is responsible for defending against and … pathogens from outside the body.

A

Lymphatic system, sampling

26
Q

The following foreign antigens would be detected by the innate immune system except?

A

2025 influenza proteins

27
Q

Studies using a mouse model of autism have shown which of the following can lessen the autistic behavior.

A

A single species of bacteria in their water, a bacterial metabolite in their water

28
Q

Identity the component that is not part of innate immune defenses.

A

Cytotoxic t cells

29
Q

Cholera toxin causes diarrhea by … colonic endothelial cells

A

Increasing the flow of ions out of

30
Q

The human microbiome contains all?

A

Organisms present in and on the body

31
Q

Bacterial adhesions refer to a species specific interaction between the pathogens and molecules on the cell surface.

A

True

32
Q

Fermented food and yoghurt are good sources of prebiotics?

A

False

33
Q

What can be used as a diagnostic test for a suspected infection?

A

Florescent antibody staining, agglutination, secretive culture media

34
Q

Why are western blots used to confirm rapid diagnostic tests?

A

They produce a more complex banding pattern

35
Q

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy does not always work. Antigen positive relapse means the cancer antigen has mutated.

A

False

36
Q

The complement system is considered part of the … immune system because it is activated by …

A

Innate, any bacteria

37
Q

Type O blood reacts with anti type B antibodies in serologic agglutination tests.

A

False

38
Q

What do BCG treatment, halo Nevi, and spontaneous remission have in common?

A

All suggest a role for the immune system in fighting cancer

39
Q

Colonic epithelial cells get most of the energy from the blood stream.

A

False

40
Q

Coagulase is a … protein used to …

A

Bacterial, escape immune detection

41
Q

Certain types of E. coli produce a chemical mutagen called Colibactin. Studies have shown that it causes mutations consistent with … in humans.

A

Colon cancer

42
Q

Neutrophil expressed traps are made of?

A

DNA

43
Q

Live virus can be used to vaccinate against influenza.

A

True

44
Q

Cholera toxin is?

A

An enterotoxin

45
Q

Mast cells have receptors for an antibody variable region.
There is an antibody for every allergen.

A

False, true

46
Q

HIV specifically attacks and kills helper T cells. This drastically weakens the immune system because helper T cells …

A

Stimulate antibody and cytotoxic T cell production

47
Q

Activation of a naive cytotoxic T cell requires engagement of the co receptor pair. Antigen presenting cells and cytotoxic T cells are originally brought together by?

A

MHC, TCR, and antigen

48
Q

There is a single antibody gene for every antigen your body will ever encounter.

A

False

49
Q

The tuberculosis skin test is type of immediate inflammatory response.
A ring that causes a rash on your finger involved mast cell activation.

A

False, true

50
Q

The ability to make antibody quickly after a second exposure to antigen is ultimately due to …

A

Memory cells

Microbiology Final (4 decks)

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