Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio125 ALHK > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Movement of substances from the blood in the glomerulus into the capsular space.

A

Glomerular filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Movement of substances from tubular fluid back into the blood.

A

Tubular reabsorption:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid.

A

Tubular secretion:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Modified smooth muscle cells around glomerular capillaries:

A

Mesangial cells. These cells regulate blood flow through the glomerulus by acting like precapillary sphincters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure:

A

Opposes filtration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bowman’s capsule osmotic pressure:

A

Favors filtration (negligible under normal conditions).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

Favors filtration, equal to GC blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glomerular osmotic pressure:

A

Opposes filtration due to plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Movement back into plasma is?

A

Reabsorption. This process involves the movement of solutes and water back into the plasma from kidney tubules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Virtual measure of solute removal by kidney:

A

Clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Movement into kidney tubules

A

Secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Elimination of solutes and water:

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The countercurrent multiplier in cortical nephrons generate an osmotic gradient that results in reabsorb of water from the tubules producing concentrated urine.

True

False

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

high blood volume due to positive water balance

A

Correct match:
hypervolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

low blood volume due to negative water balance

A

Correct match:
hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

normal blood volume

A

normovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Principle cells in the late distal tubules and collecting ducts regulate water and electrolyte balance through hormonal action, while intercalated cell regulate acid-base balance.

True

False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

decreased CO2 leading to decreased H+ and caused by hyperventilation

A

Correct match:
respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

increased CO2 leading to an increase H+ and is caused by hypoventilation

A

Correct match:
respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

decreased pH due to something other than CO2 (e.g. high protein diet or heavy exercise

A

Correct match:
metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

increased pH due to something other than CO2 (e.g. excessive vomiting)

A

Correct match:
metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

high plasma calcium

A

Correct match:
hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

high plasma potassium

A

Correct match:
hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

low plasma sodium

A

Correct match:
hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

low plasma potassium

A

Correct match:
hypokalemia

26
Q

high plasma sodium

A

hypernatremia

27
Q

low plasma calcium

A

Correct match:
hypocalcemia

28
Q

__________ is a hormone secreted by atrial cells in response to distension of the atrial wall that increases the glomerular filtration rate.

aldosterone

atrial diuretic hormone

angiotensin

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

29
Q

___________ is the minimum volume of water that must be excreted in the urine per day, which equals 440mL.

obligatory water gain

obligatory water loss

facultative water loss

optional water loss

A

obligatory water loss

30
Q

Which hormone is released from the duodenum and jejunum in response to the presence of acid in the duodenum?

A

Secretin

31
Q

The enteric nervous system regulates motility, secretion, and growth.

A

True

32
Q

Short GI reflexes involve sensory neurons sending information to the brain, while long reflexes provide shortcuts for the enteric nervous system.

True or False

A

False

33
Q

The liver’s roles include synthesis of bile salts, lipid metabolism, detoxification, and excretion of bilirubin.

A

True

34
Q

Release HCl and intrinsic factor needed for vitamin B12 absorption

A

Parietal cell

35
Q

Release mucus and bicarbonate

A

Mucus neck cell:

36
Q

Secretes histamine

A

ECL cell:

37
Q

Secretes pepsinogen

A

Chief cell:

38
Q

The enteric nervous system includes the submucosal plexus that connects the longitudinal muscle to the circular muscle, and the myenteric plexus that connects the circular muscle to the submucosa.
True or False

A

False

39
Q

Movement of broken-down food into capillaries

A

Absorption

40
Q

Breakdown of foods into smaller components (e.g., monomers)

A

Digestion:

41
Q

Movement of digestive substances (e.g., enzymes) into the lumen of intestines

A

Secretion:

42
Q

Movement of food through the digestive tract

A

Motility:

43
Q

Which hormone is released from the duodenum and jejunum in response to glucose, fats, acid, or distension of the duodenum?

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

44
Q

Which hormone is released from the stomach in response to proteins and protein digestion products, stomach distension, and parasympathetic input?

A

Gastrin

45
Q

: The oral preparatory phase occurs when food enters the mouth, and the tongue pushes it against the soft palate. This phase occurs before the oral transport phase, where the tongue pushes the food toward the oropharynx.
True or False

A

True

46
Q

Match the peptide with its description.
Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (alpha-MSH):
A. Made in adipose cells, decreases food intake
B. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake
C. Made in the stomach, increases food intake
D. Co-expressed in the hypothalamus and increases food intake

A

B. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake

47
Q

Match the peptide with its description.
NPY:
A. Made in adipose cells, decreases food intake
B. Made in the stomach, increases food intake
C. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake
D. Co-expressed in the hypothalamus and increases food intake

A

D. Co-expressed in the hypothalamus and increases food intake

48
Q

Match the peptide with its description.
Leptin:
A. Made in adipose cells, decreases food intake
B. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake
C. Made in the stomach, increases food intake
D. Co-expressed in the hypothalamus and increases food intake

A

A. Made in adipose cells, decreases food intake

49
Q

Match the peptide with its description.
Ghrelin:
A. Made in adipose cells, decreases food intake
B. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake
C. Made in the stomach, increases food intake
D. Co-expressed in the hypothalamus and increases food intake

A

C. Made in the stomach, increases food intake

50
Q

The basal metabolic rate is measured as calories burned to maintain basic life-sustaining functions, while resting metabolic rate is measured as calories burned if you laid in bed all day, and is essentially the same as your basal metabolic rate.
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

51
Q

: ________ is the production of glucose monomers from non-carbohydrate sources, and occurs in the liver.
A. Amino acid conversion
B. Glycogenolysis
C. Lipolysis
D. Beta oxidation
E. Gluconeogenesis

A

E. Gluconeogenesis

52
Q

________ is the conversion of fatty acids into acetyl CoA.
A. Lipolysis
B. Beta oxidation
C. Glycogenolysis
D. Amino acid conversion
E. Gluconeogenesis

A

B. Beta oxidation

53
Q

________ includes the production of ammonia and an organic acid via deamination.
A. Glycogenolysis
B. Lipolysis
C. Gluconeogenesis
D. Amino acid conversion
E. Beta oxidation

A

D. Amino acid conversion

54
Q

________ is the breakdown of glycogen into its glucose monomers and occurs in the liver and muscle.
A. Glycogenolysis
B. Amino acid conversion
C. Lipolysis
D. Beta oxidation
E. Gluconeogenesis

A

A. Glycogenolysis

55
Q

GLUT 4 transporters are important in the uptake of glucose during the feeding state and do this via ________.
A. Simple diffusion
B. Endocytosis
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion

A

D. Facilitated diffusion

56
Q

________ is the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
A. Lipolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Beta oxidation
D. Glycogenolysis
E. Amino acid conversion

A

A. Lipolysis

57
Q

Carbs and fat are macronutrients that contain 4 kcal/g energy, while proteins contain 9 kcal/g.
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

58
Q

CCK:
A. Made in intestines, decreases food intake
B. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake
C. Made in the small intestine and neurons, decreases food intake
D. Made in the stomach, increases food intake

A

A. Made in intestines, decreases food intake

59
Q

Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1):
A. Made in intestines, decreases food intake
B. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake
C. Made in the small intestine and neurons, decreases food intake
D. Made in adipose cells, decreases food intake

A

C. Made in the small intestine and neurons, decreases food intake

60
Q

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH):
A. Made in intestines, decreases food intake
B. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake
C. Made in the small intestine and neurons, decreases food intake
D. Made in adipose cells, decreases food intake

A

B. Made in the hypothalamus, decreases food intake

Bio125 ALHK (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions