Exam 4 Flashcards
Never Married singles
Individuals who have not married
Social Capital
An individuals resources found in his or her personal network
urban Tribe
Refers to mixed gender circles of close friends, who are a primary support system for each other
institutional Marriage
marriage that considers socializing children to eh culture’s norms
Deinstitutionalization of marriage
the idea that marriage is no longer a sacred institution
Covenant Marriages
A legally distinct kind of marriage where couples agree to seek counseling and help if times get rough
Sacrament of marriage
Marriage is a sacred act that should only be ended if a partner dies
Specialization
the element of marriage where each spouse can take on tasks and concentrate on the things he/she does well
Instrumental Support
Where a husband and wife boost each other’s well being and productivity
Stability
Allows for the family to mature, and be comfortable with who they are and where they are in their lives
Status
The economic and social status where a couple is. Usually married people get paid more than single people
Conjugal role
A culturally defined and assigned set of behaviors each marriage partner is expected to carry out
Peer Marriage
A marriage where partners agree to shared responsibility for every aspect of marriage
Interracial Couples
Romantic or marriage between people of different races
Interfaith marriage
people that have different religions and they marry
Intrafaith marriage
where married people believe in the same religion, but have different beliefs or traditions about that faith
intercultural marriage
the marriage of people from two different cultural backgrounds
Mixed orientation marriage
Marriage between partners who have different sexual orientations
Hetero- emotional
A person who is emotionally orientated to prefer psychological intimacy with their partner
Closed loop Relationship
A type of relationship where a straight and gay person agree to only have monogamous relationships outside of the marriage
Traditional couples
couples that adhere to the traditional views and beliefs about marriage
Independent couples
A married couple who values closeness, but are not as conventional as traditional couples
Separate Couple
A couple who does not share the levels of companionship of traditional or independent couple types
Mixed couple
a married couple with different marriage types
Relational Expectancies
The expectations that people have going into marriage
Social Expectations model
Illustrates how expectations are based on past relationship experiences
Sexuality
the erotic arousal and genital response resulting from sexual activity
The sexual scripting framework
The notion that societal and cultural processes determine what we see as sexual
Sexual Scripts
Shared gender specific ideas that our culture shares about sexuality and sex
Heterosexual
Sexual and emotional relationships between people of opposite sexes
Homosexual
Sexual and emotional relationships with someone of the same sex
Bisexual
Sexual Attraction to people of both sexes
Asexual
An individual who does not experience sexual attraction
Cultural Scenarios
Sexual scripts that recognize influences that are present in our lives
Refractory Period
The period following orgasm when men are incapable of achieving an erection
Noncoital
Sexual activités besides sexual intercourse
Masturbation
sexual self stimulation
Cunnilingus
The erotic oral stimulation of the woman’s external sex organs
Fellatio
the oral stimulation of the mens external sex organs
Oral-Genital Sex
Stimulation of the genitals using the mouth or tongue
Anal Intercourse
The sexual activity of the male placing his penis into his partners anus
Anal Eroticism
Sexual activity that includes anything with stimulating the anus
Sexually Transmitted infections
Infections transmitted between partners via sexual activity
Gonorrhea
the second most common STI in the United States
Chlamydia
the most common STI in the United States. It is a bacterial disease
Syphilis
A bacterial infection that happens when genitalia come into contact with a syphilis sore
Herpes
a sexually transmitted viral disease
Human Papillomavirus
HPV - A common sexually transmitted disease that can lead to 6 types of cancer later in life
Viral Hepatitis
An inflammation of the liver causing impairments in liver function
Anorgasmia
The absence of orgasm
Infidelity
A breach of faith when one member of a couple violates the couples mutually agreed upon rules or boundaries
Involuntary experimental experience
When one partner ventures outside of the relationship with out the other partner knowing
Extra relationship involvement
Any behavior that oversteps the expectations of exclusivity and monogamy in a relationship
Extramarital Sex
When a married person has sexual activities or interaction with another person
Sexual Dysfunction
The inability to fully enjoy sex
Dyspareunia
Sexual pain experienced by women as a result of sexual dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction
The condition where men struggle to achieve an erection
Rapid Ejactulation
ejaculation that occurs before on or shortly after penetration with minimal sexual stimulation
Crude Birth rate
The number of children per 1000 women per year
Total Fertility Rate
The average number of live births per woman, in a given popular year
Replacement fertility rate
The average number of children born per woman at which the population is exactly replaced
Family Projection Process
A theory that people who have children do so because they are trying to gain what they did not have in their childhood
Life Transition
In psychology, a point at which people take on news roles, such as becoming a parent
Turning Point
A transition that entails a permanent, lasting shift in the direction of one’s life course
timing
the age at which a transition takes place
Age-Related Norms
Social approved pathways that determine the right time for certain life events
Child-free by choice
The voluntary choice to not have children
Pronatalism
an ideology that embrace childbearing
Antinatalism
an ideology that does not embrace childbearing
Resource Dilution hypothesis
A theory that says parent’s resources become diluted when spread over a larger number of children
Quiverfull Movement
a movement of fundamentalist Christians that are having many children because they think that they are being obedient to the Bible
gestational parent
the parent who is carrying the baby and who gives birth
Labor
The rhythmic uterine contractions that expel a baby
Early Labor
The first phase of labor where the cervix dilates from 0-3 centimeters
Active Labor
Where the cervix dilates from 4 to 7 centimeters and contractions occur every 2-3 minutes
Transition
The third stage of labor, the cervix is dilated to 10 centimeters, contractions happen every 90 seconds
Sterility
the absolute inability to reproduce
Infertility
The inability to conceive a baby after trying for a period of one year
Pelvic inflammatory disease
A disorder caused by untreated sexually transmitted diseases that results in a fertilized ovum having difficulty reaching the uterus due to blocked or scarred fallopian tubes
Endometriosis
A disease characterized by the buildup or migration of uterine tissue to other parts of the body
Azzospermia
A type of male infertility in which no sperm cells are produced
Oligospermia
A type of male infertility in which few sperm cells are produced
Artificial insemination
The medical processes by which a donor’s sperm is placed by syringe into a woman’s vagina, cervix, or uterus
Sperm bank
the place where Sperm is accepted and provided for couples looking to artificially inseminate
Assisted reproductive technology
Treatments that involve fertilization through the manipulation of the woman’s ova and male’s sperm
In vitro fertilization
Where a woman’s eggs are surgically removed and mixed with the male’s sperm. If it fertilized, it is placed into the uterus
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
an assites reproductive technology where an unfertilized eggs and a male’s sperm are placed in the fallopian tubes to foster natural fertilization
Zygote intrafallopian transfer
Where an egg is fertilized outside of the woman’s body and then immediately placed in the fallopian tubes
Surrogate mother
A woman who carries the fetus of another couple
Birth defect
A physical anomaly that is present at birth and may be inherited or may be the result of environmental influences during pregnancy or birth
Miscarriage
Spontaneous abortion, or loss of a fetus or embryo before the 20th week of pregnancy
Stillbirth
the death of a fetus after the 20th week of pregnancy
Failure
A measurement for contraception that is based on the number of women who become pregnant if 100 women used the method for one year
Barrier contraceptive
A contraceptive method that provides a chemical of physical barrier between the sperm and the ovum
Hormone Contraceptive
Methods of contraception that use artificial hormones to prevent ovulation as well as thicken the cervical mucus
Emergency Contraception
Made of the same hormones found in birth control pills, EC prevents pregnancy by interrupting the release of an egg
In clinic abortion
A medical procedure in which suction is used to remove a child from the uterus
