Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm 2 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Albumin

A

Natural protein produced by liver

5% albumin- common
25% albumin- brings 3.5x fluid into the blood vessel in 15-30 min
(Emergent situations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dextran

A

Synthetic polysaccharide
Plasma volume doubles w/in a few min, can last 12 hours ⌛

Vitals ⬆️
Watch 🫀due to ⬆️pressure
Put on tele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

🩸product

To manage acute bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fresh frozen plasma

A

🩸Product

⬆️clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Packed red blood cells

A

🩸Product

⬆️Oxygen carrying capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Whole blood

A

🩸Product
Same as packed red blood cells
⬆️oxygen carrying capacity
Emergent 🚨needs
>25% blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

🩸 Transfusions

A

19G needle or larger
Hang w/in 30 min ⌛
Use a pump
- Nl saline piggyback
-appropriate 🩸tubing
-infuse no more than 4 hrs

Vitals!
Before🩸, 15 min, hourly⏰, finish☑️, 1hr after

✋🏽Stay in room for 1st 15min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hemolytic Reaction due to 🩸, manifestations & treatment

A

HLA typing is wrong
Manifestations:
HA, 🥶, shaking,🤒, 🤮, red urine, flank pain, shock, renal failure
☠️w/in 7-12 days

Treatment:
Diuretics 💛
Rapid administration of IVF 💦
Dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Allergic reaction due to 🩸

A

Due to:
Foreign plasma proteins (hives)
Anti-IgA mediated response (anaphylaxis) 🫁

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Suspected transfusion reaction 🩸

A

✋🏽turn off 🩸
Stay in 👇🏽the room

Notify doctor 👨🏻‍⚕️- ☎️ to help notify Dr
Normal saline 💦-change tubing
Oxygen 🌬️
Vitals 🌡️🩺

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

🫀 Failure Facts

A

Ejection fraction <65%
⬆️ HR doesn’t help
⬇️ renal 🫘perfusion
⬇️ urinary 💛 output

Sx:
Dyspnea, 😴, 💦retention, 🫁edema (crackles & ronchi) , ⬇️urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intropic

A

Force of 💪🏽 contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chronotropic

A

Rate of heartbeat

(Positive or Negative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Positive ➕ inotropic drugs

A

⬆️💪🏽contraction

Treats HF

Cardiac glycoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mechanism of Action for ACE Inhibitors

A

Inhibits Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
✋🏽 Angiotensin 2 release =
Which ⬇️ blood pressure

(Angiotensin2=vasoconstriction=⬆️BP
Causes aldosterone release
Aldosterone= 💦 retention=🩸volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prodrugs

A

-pril drug
quinapril, benzapril, remipril, fosinopril

ACE inhibitor
Not for cirrhosis
Needs 👍🏽liver function

Enalapril- only IV ACE 💊

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Catopril

A

Not a prodrug
ACE inhibitor
Can take x3/day 🌄☀️🌜
Short half life
Can take w/⬇️ liver function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lisinopril

A

Not a prodrug
ACE inhibitor
Once to x2/day dose
Can take w/⬇️ liver function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ACE Inhibitor & ARBs adverse/side effects

A

Hyperkalemia
(Shifting from inside cell to outside)
Headache 🤕
Bradykinin release (angioedema)

Difference❗️
ACE- dry cough😷
ARBs- kidneys not protected
🚫dry cough❗️😷
More expensive 🤑
Gingival Hyperplasia- bad for 🫀

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs are contraindicated in…

A

Pregnancy 🤰🏻 and
👩‍🍼 Breastfeeding mothers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ARB mechanism of action 🏃🏽

A

🙅🏽‍♀️Blocks angiotensine 2 receptors

Which ⬇️ blood pressure

(Angiotensin2=vasoconstriction=⬆️BP
Causes aldosterone release
Aldosterone= 💦 retention=🩸volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers are…
(ARBs)

A

-Sartan drugs
Losartan - cheap 💸
Valsartan- cheap 💸
Olmesartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Nephrolysin adverse/ side effects
(ARNIs)

A

Angioedema
Hyperkalemia
Significant Hypotension ⬇️
Poor renal 🫘function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Valsartan/sacubitril

A

ARNI 💊

Reduces cardiovascular death or 🫀failure hospitalizations by 20%

Adverse:
Significant hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Beta blocker facts
Cardioprotective Slows conduction of SA node, ⬇️ HR Allows ⏱️for ventricles to fill
26
Metoprolol
Beta Blocker 💊 -lol medication Most common beta blocker to treat 🫀failure ⬇️ HR
27
Carvedilol
Beta Blocker 💊 -lol medication Slows progression of🫀failure ⬇️ HR
28
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor MOA
Vasodilation ⬇️BP ➕inotropic & chromotropic response
29
Milrinone
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor 💊 Not used as often- ⬇️outcomes IV- use pump Short term 💊 Vasodilation Adverse effects: Ventricular dysrhythmia 🫀 Aggravation of angina Hypotension ⬇️ Hypokalemia Thrombocytopenia ⬆️LFTs
30
Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate
Misc HF drug 💊 HTN/ anti anginal 1st drug for African 🇺🇸
31
Nesiritide
Misc HF drug 💊 Synthetic BNP Vasodilates ⬆️ Urine💛output Used in ICU- treat severe HF due to ⬇️renal 🫘 function & ⬆️mortality
32
Dobutamine
Misc. HF 💊 Similar to dopamine Given as a continuous infusion ♾️
33
Alpha andrenergic 1 & 2…
Vasoconstricts 🩸 vessels, ⬆️ BP
34
epinephrine
Vasoconstrictive 💊 for ACLS= IV IV is 1mg/ml or 0.1mg/ml IM or SubQ for diabetics 🤏🏽dose: ⬆️ contractility (➕inotrope) ⬆️HR (➕chomotrope) ⬆️dose: (IV drip💧) Vasoconstricts= HTN= ⬇️💛 urination Adverse effects❗️: Tremors, insomnia, tachycardia, HTN
35
Norepinephrine
Treatment of hypotension & shock 😳 Continuous IV infusion ♾️ Stimulates Beta 1 receptors: ⬆️contractility (➕inotrope) ⬆️HR (➕chromotrope) Stimulates alpha adrenergic receptor: Vasoconstriction ⬇️renal 🩸flow Last resort due to kidney issues❗️ Adverse side effects: HA, significant hypertension
36
Dopamine
💊choice for shock related sx Given by continuous ♾️IV infusion 🤏🏽dose: ⬆️🩸flow to🫀, kidneys, 🧠(💛urine production) ⬆️dose: ⬆️contactability (➕inotrope) Vasoconstriction=⬆️ BP =⬇️💛urine output
37
Dobutamine
Similar to dopamine Treatment of HF ⬆️contractility= ➕stroke volume (➕ inotrope) Continuous IV ♾️ infusion
38
Fenoldopam
Short term tx of HTN ⬇️BP ⬆️🫘renal🩸 flow
39
Midodrine
Treats orthostatic hypotension Peripheral Constrictriction (⬆️BP) Adverse effects: Supine 🛌hypertension Insomnia 😳 Nursing implications: Orthostatic vitals PO 💊 2-3x/day before standing up (Every 4 hours) Take with lots of 💦 in ☀️ 🚫💊after 6pm= 🛌HTN Min of 4 hrs before sleep 💤
40
Mirabegron
Treats OAB by expanding bladder Relaxes Detrusor muscle Adverse effects❗️: HTN & UTIs 💛 Sustained release 💊 🚫 chew 🤭😬🦷
41
Phenylephrine
Short term treatment of shock 😳 Controls SVT 🫀 IV, topical, ophthalmic, nasal
42
Phentolamine
Vasodilation Injection into penis 🍆 for ED 🦷reversal of anesthetic 🔄
43
Quinidine
Class1 Antidysrhythmic Drug 💊 Treats Ventricular Dysrhythmia Class 1a Sodium Channel Blocker PO, IV, IM Adverse effect: Cinchonism (tinnitus, blurry 👀, HA, nausea) Can happen weeks later
44
Procainamide
Class1 Antidysrhythmic Drugs 💊 Treats ventricular dysrhythmia Class 1a Sodium Channel Blocker PO, IV, IM Adverse effects: Lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, blood dyscrasias
45
Lidocaine
Class1 Antidysrhythmic drug 💊 Treats ventricular dysrhythmias Class 1b Sodium channel blocker IV Adverse Effect: CNS symptoms, confusion, drowsiness
46
Mexiletine
Class1 Antidysrhythmic drug 💊 Treats ventricular dysrhythmias Class 1b Sodium channel blocker Form: PO 👅oral analog of lidocaine
47
Propafenone
Class1 Antidysrhythmic drug 💊 Treats- Life threatening ventricular dysrhythmias❗️& further dysthymias Class 1c Sodium channel blocker Form: PO
48
Flecainide
Class1 Antidysrhythmic drug 💊 Treats: Life threatening ventricular dysrhythmias CAST- 🫀Arrhythmia Suppression Trial Class 1c Sodium channel blocker Form: PO Long 1/2 life ♾️ Can’t adjust dose for 3-5 days ⬇️ dose possible
49
Amiodarone
Class3 Antidysrhythmic drug 💊 Treats: Life threatening dysthymias only SVTs IV- 🫁care 75% get adverse effects Long 1/2 life- effects take 2-3months to resolve ▪️warning❗️- 🫁toxicity Adverse effects❗️- Cardiotoxicity, induction of dysrhythmias🫀, corneal 👁️microdeposits, skin photosensitivity 🫳🏼 Don’t take w/ Digoxin❗️ Levels double If needs digoxin, ✂️dose in 1/2
50
Verapamil
Class4 Antidysrhythmic drug💊 Treats: AFib & SVTs 🫀 Also taken with/Renauds
51
Diltiazem
Class4 Antidysrhythmic drug💊 Treats: AFib & SVTs 🫀
52
Adenosine
Other Antidysrhythmic drug💊 IV push 1/2 life of 10 sec ⌛️ Asystole for seconds… flatline Treats: SVTs 🫀not responding to Verapamil
53
Adenosine
Other Antidysrhythmic drug💊 IV push 1/2 life of 10 sec ⌛️ Asystole for seconds… flatline Treats: SVTs 🫀not responding to Verapamil
54
Clomiphene
Thickens cervical mucus
55
Clomiphene
Thickens cervical mucus
56
Dinoprostone
Gel for cervical ripening
57
Preeclampsia
Severe hypertension
58
Oxytocin
Induction of labor
59
Misoprostal
Cheap imposter for cervical ripening
60
Magnesium
Treats preeclampsia
61
Magnesium
Treats preeclampsia
62
Infusion pump
Needed to administer oxytocin
63
Menotropin
Sexual intercourse the night before the injection 💉and the next 2-3 day
64
Menotropin is a combo drug of
FSH and LH
65
Gonadotropin
Maturation of the ovarian follicle
66
Calcium gluconate
🔄Reverses magnesium toxicity
67
Methylergonovine reduces postpartum
Hemorrhage 🩸
68
Magnesium decreases these reflexes
Deep tendon reflexes 💪🏽
69
Terbutaline
Adrenergic agonist stops hyperstimulation of uterus Decreases contractions 🤰🏻
70
Potential result of ovulation stimulated by Menotropin or Clomiphene
Twins 👯
71
Dromotrope
Conduction of electrical impulse
72
Digoxin level
0.5-2
73
Potassium level
3.5-5
74
-Prils do what to potassium?
Elevate… (5.0+) Avoid potassium rich foods. Leafy green 🥗 🍊 ⬆️💪🏽contraction Peaked T waves ST elevations
75
What lowers BP but not HR?
ACE and ARBS
76
What lowers HR but not BP?
Digoxin

Pharm 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions