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Pharm 2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Hemostasis

A

Process to 🚫🛑 bleeding

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2
Q

Coagulation

A

Process of 🩸 clot formation

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3
Q

Thrombus

A

🩸 clot

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4
Q

Embolus

A

Thrombus located in a blood vessel 🪢

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5
Q

A clot forming substance

A

Fibrin

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6
Q

Fibrinolysis breaks down thrombi by?

A

Activating plasminogen, converting to plasmin.

Plasmin digests 🫃🏻the fibrin clot

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7
Q

streptokinase

A

thrombolytic drug 💊
Made w/ beta-hemolytic strep

Allergic reaction‼️
👩‍⚖️Off market

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8
Q

t-PA

A

Thrombolytic 💊
Naturally in 🩸 system
Clot specific📍

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9
Q

alteplase

A

Thrombolytic 💊
💊 form of t-PA
IV
Short 1/2 life (5min) ⏳
Can give w/ heparin to 🚫reocclusion

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10
Q

Anti thrombolytic drugs…

A

Promote clot formation
🚫🩸 post surgical or hemophilia

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11
Q

Anti thrombolytic drugs…

A

Promote clot formation
🚫🩸 post surgical or hemophilia

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12
Q

Oxidized cellulose (Surgacel)

commercial

A

Topical Antifibrinolytics

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13
Q

aminocaproic

A

anti thrombotic/fibrinolytic 💊
🚫excessive🩸 post surgical

💉Antidote for thrombolytics

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14
Q

tranexamic acid

A

Anti thrombolytic 💊
Hemophilia- prior to surgery & dental

Use 2nd form of BC 👶🏻

Adverse:
Hypotension

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15
Q

Hemophilia is..

A

X-linked recessive 💙

More common in boys 👦🏻

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16
Q

Classic 🎼Hemophilia A

A

Most common

📉deficient in factor 8

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17
Q

Christmas 🎄 Hemophilia B

A

⬇️Deficient in factor 9

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18
Q

Christmas 🎄 Hemophilia B

A

⬇️Deficient in factor 9

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19
Q

Hemophilia C

A

⬇️ Factor 11

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20
Q

Desmopressin

A

Hemophilia drug 💊
Anti diuretic hormone
Nocturnal enuresis 🌜
Releases factor 8 (type A)
Clot formation

Adverse effects:
Fluid retention 💧🦵🏻🫁
Hyponatremia ⬇️🧂

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21
Q

Factor

A

Hemophilia 💊
Acute episodes of 🩸
Can premedicate w/benadryl for allergic reaction

Can give w/ desmopressin

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22
Q

Nursing implications for coagulation modifier drugs

A

☑️vitals
🩸= ⬇️BP, ⬆️ HR, then ⬇️ HR
CBC
PT= 11-13
INR= 1

Avoid:
Invasive procedures
No IM injections

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23
Q

methylphenidate

A

Treats ADHD & Narcolepsy
commonly abused 📚

Adverse effects:
Insomnia 😳🌜-🚫4-6hrs before bed
Slows growth

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24
Q

Amphetamines

A

Adderall

Treate ADHD & Narcolepsy

Adverse:
Insomnia

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25
Q

Atomoxetine

A

Treats ADHD
Non-stimulant
SNRI

Adverse effects:
ED 🥺
Suicidal thoughts 💭

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26
Q

Modafinil

A

Treats Narcolepsy 💤

Shift work sleep disorder

Improves wakefulness 😳🙂

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27
Q

phentermine

A

Anorexiants 💊
Not as addictive as amphetamines

Not fen-phen (recalled for 🫀)

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28
Q

orlistat

A

Anorexiants 💊
Binds to pancreatic enzymes
Blocks fat absorption
Take ADEK vitamin

Adverse effects:
💩incontenance, oily spotting, gas
⬆️LFT- ☑️ q 6m

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29
Q

Migraines

A

Unilateral
4-72 hours ⏳
Pain
🤢🤮
Photophobia 💡
Photophobia 👂🏼

Can have aura

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30
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Doesn’t reduce # of migraines
🚫 after starts w/in 2 hrs ⏳
Take w/1st sign of migraine

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31
Q

ergotamine

A

Treatment of migraines and 🍇 cluster HAs
Can use w/ Triptan med

Adverse effects:
Vasoconstriction 🪢
⬇️throbbing pain.
⬆️BP

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32
Q

Analeptic response respiratory depression syndromes are caused by?

A

General anesthesia
Neonatal apnea
Breath holding
COPD

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33
Q

caffeine

A

Stimulates CNS to control respiration
Long 1/2 life
Caffeine citrate 👶🏻
30 min before feeding 🍼👶🏻
Caffeine sodium benzoate- 🫁adults

Contraindicated in-
Dysrhythmias, peptic ulcer disease
Recent MI 🫀

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34
Q

Doxapram

A

Treatment of COPD

Monitor:
deep tendon reflexes 🔨🦵🏻💪🏽
Heart rhythm 🥁

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35
Q

Sedatives

A

Inhibits effect on CNS ⬇️:
Nervousness 🥴
Excitability 🫨
Irritability w/o causing sleep

Can become a hypnotic in large doses

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36
Q

Hypnotics

A

Causes sleep 😴

A sedative can become a hypnotic if it is given in large enough doses

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37
Q

Barbiturates

A

End in -barbital
Habit forming
⬇️therapeutic index
⬇️REM sleep= daytime fatigue
Nightmares 😱when coming off 💊

Contraindicated in suicidal patients

🚨No Antidote ‼️
🫁 and BP support

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38
Q

Chloral hydrate

A

Nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic drug

Does NOT suppress REM sleep
🚫REM rebound

Short term use
- Tachyphylaxis- rapid⬇️ in response to repetitive administration

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39
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

End in -zepam & -Zolam
Calming effect on CNS
Useful in controlling anxiety &
Induction of sleep 😴 &
Skeletal 💪🏽 relaxation

Adverse effects:
Hangover 🤕, exhausted, 🥱 fatigue

Antidote‼️- Flumazenil
🫁support

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40
Q

Triazolam

A

Benzodiazepine💊
Use smallest 🤏🏽dose possible
1 dose
🚫longer than 3wks
⬆️doses= hallucinations, seizures, suicidal tendencies

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41
Q

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

A

Long term use
8 hrs of sleep 😴 or sleepiness
30 min before bed
🚫heavy machinery 🚜
Non-benzo but works on receptors

Dark, cool room, 🚫tv or 📱

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42
Q

Zolpidem

A

Non-benzodiazepine but activates same receptor
Most used hypnotic
🚫rebound insomnia
⬇️Daytime drowsiness compared to other Benzos
☑️long term use

Adverse effect:
Somnambulation (sleep walking🚶🏽 )

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43
Q

Zaleplon

A

Non-benzodiazepine 💊
Short 1/2 life
Can re-dose as long as you have 4 hours to sleep ⏳🛌

Also for women w/ menopause

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44
Q

Nursing implications of Benzodiazepines

A

Sleep hygiene 🌑🚫📱💻💡
Give 15-30min before bed
Caution in 65yrs + 👵🏽
Avoid with ETOH 🥃🍷
🚫🚬🔥

45
Q

Muscle 💪🏽 Relaxants

A

Relieves pain from skeletal 💪🏽spasms

Most are central acting Vs the actual muscle

46
Q

baclofen

A

Muscle relaxant💊
Treats spasticity from:
MS, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy

Oral & intrathecal
Pump
Replace with growth 📏

47
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

Acts w/spinal cord to suppress hyperactive reflexes

For back pain 😫and occupational injuries 👷🏽‍♂️

48
Q

dantrolene

A

Treats malignant hyperthermia 🥵
Relaxes shivering 🫨💪🏽,
Lowering temp 🤒

49
Q

Psychotherapeutics treat?

A

Emotional and mental disorders

50
Q

alprazolam (Xanax)

A

Shortest acting benzodiazepine
Most common anxiolytic

Adverse effects:
Confusion, ataxia (coordination), and headache
🚫🍷🥃

51
Q

diazepam (Valium)

A

Benzodiazepine 💊
Most commonly used
Longest acting ⏳

Other use: status epilepticus, ETOH withdraw, post-op sedation, 💪🏽spasm

Adverse effects:
HA, confusion, slurred speech 🎤

52
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepine 💊

Other use: Chemo related to N/V, mechanical ventilation, ETOH 🍷 withdraw, severe agitation

53
Q

Buspirone

A

Scheduled drug ⌚️
Delayed therapeutic effect
Less addictive

Adverse effects:
Paradoxical anxiety, dizziness, HA, nausea

Avoid serotonin syndrome ‼️
Wait 14d after MAOI (busoirone)
Don’t give w/anything

54
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepine💊

Other anxiolytic drug
Common use

55
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepine💊

Other anxiolytic drug
Common use

56
Q

Antidote to benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

57
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Blocks dopamine receptors

Improves positive symptoms of schizophrenia (hallucinations, disorganization)

Not good in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia (apathy, social withdrawal, monotone speech, Catatonia)

58
Q

Adverse effects of Antipsychotics

A

▪️warning‼️
Kids & young adults ⬆️suicidal 💭
⬆️death in 👵🏽w/ dementia

Adverse:
Metabolic syndrome- ⬆️weight
Shaking- similar to Parkinson’s
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
(⬆️🥵, unstable BP

59
Q

Haloperidol

A

Antipsychotics 💊
Every 2-4 weeks
For Tourette’s 🗣️

60
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Antipsychotic 💊
For bipolar disorder, major depression, and agitation in autism

☑️BS 🩸

61
Q

risperidone

A

Antipsychotic💊
Agitation in autism

62
Q

Lurasidone

A

(Latuda)
Antipsychotic 💊

63
Q

Lithium

A

Mood stabilizer💊
Antimania for bipolar
Gains weight, hard on 🫀
Monitor lithium q 2-3months
Maintaine 🧂level (135-145 mEq)

Narrow 🪟
0.6-1.2 mEq
>1.5 mEq
🫀dysthymia, slurred speech, ataxia, GI, 💪🏽 twitching

64
Q

Antidepressants

A

Continue for at least 12 months

▪️warning‼️
⬆️risk for suicide
Regular monitoring

65
Q

3 classes of antidepressants

A

SSRI
TCA
MAOI

66
Q

SSRI

A

More commonly used
Expensive 💰
4-6 wks for effectiveness
⬇️Less side effects

Adverse effects:
Insomnia ⬇️REM 🌜
Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction

Slow taper off or:
Flu sx, ⬇️concentration, GI sx

🚫w/ MAOI

67
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

⬆️ doses of 💊
Delirium 😵‍💫
Agitation
Tachy 🫀dysrhythmias
Tremors
Seizure
Renal failure
Rhabdomyolysis

68
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

⬆️ doses of 💊
Delirium 😵‍💫
Agitation
Tachy 🫀dysrhythmias
Tremors
Seizure
Renal failure
Rhabdomyolysis

69
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI💊
Panic disorder

70
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI💊
OCD

71
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI💊
Premensteual dysohoric disorder

72
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI💊
PTSD

73
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI💊
PTSD

74
Q

Bupropion

A

SSRI💊
Smoking cessation 🚬

75
Q

Bupropion

A

SSRI💊
Smoking cessation 🚬

76
Q

Escitalopram

A

SSRI💊
Seasonal affective disorder ❄️⛄

77
Q

Escitalopram

A

SSRI💊
Seasonal affective disorder ❄️⛄

78
Q

Duloxetine

A

SSNRI💊
Also blocks norepinephrine

Peripheral neuropathy pain and fibromyalgia

79
Q

Mirtazapine

A

SSRI💊

Reduces sexual adverse effects

80
Q

Mirtazapine

A

SSRI💊

Reduces sexual adverse effects

81
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

A

Cheap
Balances serotonin and norepinephrine

Adverse effects: (slows⬇️system)
Constipation
Urinary retention 💛
Drowsiness 😴
Sexual dysfunction
Hypotension

82
Q

TCA overdose

A

Caused w/ ETOH 🍻🍷
Seizures
🫀Dysrhythmias
Life support
Activated charcoal 🪨
Physostigmine- help w/ anticholinergic symptoms

83
Q

TCA overdose

A

Caused w/ ETOH 🍻🍷
Seizures
🫀Dysrhythmias
Life support
Activated charcoal 🪨
Physostigmine- help w/ anticholinergic symptoms

84
Q

Imipramine

A

TCA💊

Adverse effects:
Constp, 💛retention, 😴, sexual dysf, hypotension

🚫🍷🍻

85
Q

Amitriptyline

A

TCA💊
Most commonly used TCA
For: trigeminal neuralgia, neuropathic pain, insomnia 🌜

Adverse effects:
Constp, 💛retention, 😴, sexual dysf, hypotension

🚫🍷🍻

86
Q

MAOIs are used for…

A

Those who 🚫respond to SSRIs & TCA
➕food interactions
➕side effects
Malignant HTN crisis 180/120
Tyramine= toxic levels= stroke
Aged🧀, 💨🥩, yeast, 🍷, fava 🫘, ripe 🥑, 🍻, and dark 🍫

SSRI- 2-5wk wash period
TCA- 14day wash period

87
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOI💊
Common

➕food interactions
➕side effects

88
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

MAOI💊
➕food interactions
➕side effects

89
Q

Isocarboxazide

A

MAOI💊
➕food interactions
➕side effects

90
Q

Selegiline

A

MAOI💊
Transdermal patch
Also for parkinsons

➕food interactions
➕side effects

91
Q

Disulfiram (antabuse)

A

For ETOH addiction
Last resort treatment
1dose= 2 weeks
7mL = unpleasant effects
🍷🍻 w/in 10 min can lead to:
Flushed, red hot skin, HA, N/V, sweating, dyspnea, hyperventilation, vertigo, blurred vision, confusion

Acetaldehyde syndrome

92
Q

Alcohol 🍷🍻 withdraw may be….

A

Deadly 😵

93
Q

Alcoholics may need a(n)

A

Detoxification program

94
Q

A daily dosing if this eases withdraw from opioids?

A

Methadone

95
Q

Long acting oral opioid

A

Methadone

96
Q

What is the generic if Revia?

A

Naltrexone

97
Q

You should decrease a dose of this to live opioid free

A

Methadone

98
Q

What is the generic injection if Vivitrol?

A

Naltrexone

99
Q

Drug abuse

A

Using of a drug that is inconsistent w/ medical norm

Drug usage that is harmful to the person

100
Q

Addiction

A

Disease process characterized by the continued use of a specific psychoactive substance despite physical, psychological, Or social harm

101
Q

Tolerance

A

Repetitive exposure to a drug, over time, induces Ah anges in drug receptors that reduce the drugs effects

102
Q

Withdraw

A

A substance specific mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms, following the cessation or reduction in use of a psychoactive substance that has been taken regularly.

103
Q

Symptoms of nicotine 🚬withdraw

A

Headache
Irritability
⬆️ BP
⬆️ apetite

104
Q

What is CAGE?

A

Screen for 🍷🍻 addiction

Cut down
Annoyed
Guilt
Eye opener

105
Q

Do not chew

A

Nicotine lozenges

106
Q

Nicotine transdermal system

A

Highest compliance

107
Q

Nicotine gum

A

Best for withdraw

Quick release

108
Q

Varenacline (chantix)

A

Reduces pleasurable effects of nicotine

Greater efficacy

109
Q

Bupropion SR

A

Sustained release antidepressant

Fast line therapy for 🚬cessation

Pharm 2 (6 decks)

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