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Pharm 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cosyntropin

A

For Adrenal insufficiency
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates release of cortisol
-anti inflammatory effects
-promotes renal retention of sodium

For Dx of Addison Disease

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2
Q

somatropin

A

Mimics Growth hormone
Anterior pituitary
builds muscle (HIV)
Hypopituitary dwarfism
Sub Q 💉
Give at night 🌜

Adverse effects:
HA, muscle pain, hyperglycemia (BS), hypothyroid, systolic HTN, hypercalcuria (kidney stones)

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3
Q

octreotide

A

Anterior pituitary
Treatment of gigantism and acromegaly
🚫 release of growth hormone
🚫Verner-Morrison Syndrome due to CA tumors

Adverse effects:
Long QT, hypo/hyoerglycemia 🍭, diarrhea 💩💩

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4
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Low ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Polydipsia 🥛
Polyuria 💛
Dehydration
Spec grav 1.001-1.003

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5
Q

Vasopressin

A

Posterior pituitary
Diabetes Insipidus
Mimics ADH
⬆️water reabsorption
⬇️water excretion
Intranasal & IM
Aqueous solution vs tenant in oil

Adverse effects:
Angina, 💧intoxication, BP issues

IV- septic shock, pulseless cardiac arrest

Can cause necrosis, choose central line

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6
Q

desmopressin

A

Posterior pituitary
Diabetes Insipidus
Preferred over vasopressin due to longer duration
⬆️Factor 8 & Von Willibrand
For nocturnal enuresis 🛌💛
Don’t use if sick

Adverse effects:
Water intoxication

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7
Q

Black box warning on NSAIDs with exception of aspirin

A

⬆️MI
Stroke
BP
GI issues

Misoprostol ⬇️ ulcers, lines stomach

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8
Q

Black box warning on NSAIDs with exception of aspirin

A

⬆️MI
Stroke
BP
GI issues

Misoprostol ⬇️ ulcers, lines stomach

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9
Q

Ceiling effect

A

Dose beyond level increases risk of adverse effects

Without increase of therapeutic effects

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10
Q

aspirin

A

Acetylsalicylic Acid
Anti-platelet

Adverse effects:
GI intolerance, bleeding, renal impairment, Reyes Syndrome (flu or varicella) 🤒
To prevent thrombotic events
Lower dose if you have 🩸risk

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11
Q

Salicylate overdose (aspirin)

A

Tinnitus m, hearing loss in adults
Children- hyperventilation & behavior change

Will need gastric lavage and activated charcoal 🪨

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12
Q

indomethacin

A

Acetic acid derivative
For mild-moderate pain
OA, RA, acute gouty arthritis
Can cause preterm labor

Adverse effects:
HA and tinnitus 🔔

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13
Q

ketorolac

A

acetic acid derivative
Moderate-severe pain
Short term use (5 days)

Adverse effects:
Renal impairment, GI pain, nausea, and dyspepsia (♥️burn)

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14
Q

ibuprofen

A

Propionic acid derivative
Mild-moderate pain
Dental pain, arthritis

🚫more than 4G/day
2G if has liver issues

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15
Q

naproxen

A

(Aleve)
Propionic acid derivative

Less GI issues than ibuprofen

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16
Q

celecoxib

A

Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors
Moderate pain- arthritis

In same family as sulfonamides

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17
Q

Enolic Acid Derivatives

A

Mild-moderate arthritis and gout pain

Piroxicam
Meloxicam

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18
Q

Enolic Acid Derivatives

A

Mild-moderate arthritis and gout pain

Piroxicam
Meloxicam

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19
Q

Assessment for anti inflammatory drugs

A

Pain
ADLs
CBC
Bun, CR (kidneys)
LFTs
GI assessment

Children- Reye’s syndrome
Older adults- kidney & liver

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20
Q

colchicine

A

Antigout drug
Drink lots of fluids w/med

Adverse effects:
Renal, hepatic, cardiac, GI disorders
Take w/🌮 due to nausea

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21
Q

Hyperuricemia Drugs

A

Allopurinol & febuxostat

Drink lots of water (2,000-3,000 ml)

Adverse effects:
Agranulocytosis, Steven Johnson Syndrome (CBC to check WBC)

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22
Q

glucocorticoids

A

Acute gout attack
Good if can’t take NSAIDs

Adverse effects:
BS, infx, weight gain, mood changes, and bone loss

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23
Q

Triglyceride range

A

<150 mg/dl

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24
Q

Cholesterol range

A

200 mg/dl

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25
Q

Antilipemic drugs

A

Drugs that lower lipids

(triglycerides and cholesterol)

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26
Q

VLDL range

A

2-30 mg/dl

27
Q

LDL range

A

<100 mg/dl

28
Q

HDL

A

Good cholesterol
>50 for women
>40 for men
>60 if previous cardiac event

29
Q

Coronary Heart Disease is x4 greater if

A

Cholesterol is > 200mg/dl

30
Q

Statins

A

Contraindicated in pregnancy and liver disease
Rhabdomyolysis- muscle wasting
CK level if 💪🏽pain
No grapefruit juice

Adverse effects:
Nausea, HA, rash, SJS

31
Q

atorvastatin

A

Most common
Night dose
No breastfeeding moms

32
Q

Other statins

A

simvastatin
fluvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Pitavastatin

33
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants

A

2nd line of drug therapy
Does nothing for Trigkicerides
Powder option
Contraindicated in bowl obstruction
Don’t take with other meds
ADEK pill

Adverse effects:
Constipation, GI dysfunction, cholesterol gallstones

34
Q

Sequestrant drugs

A

chokestramine
Colesevelam
Colestipol hydrochloride

Reduces cholesterol but not triglycerides

35
Q

phenobarbital

A

Antiepileptic drug
longest 1/2 life
x1 per day dose
Therapeutic level 10-40 mcg/ml

36
Q

phenytoin

A

Antiepileptic drug
Most common
Therapeutic level 10-20 mcg/ml
Dilute with 💧-slow push
Toxic- nystagmus, diplopia

Adverse effects:
Gingival hyperplasia
Hypotension

37
Q

fosphenytoin

A

Antiepileptic drug
Don’t give if liver issues
Less cardiovascular effects

▪️warning: cardiac monitor 150mg/min to avoid hypotension

Adverse:
Hypotension, cardiorespiratory depression

38
Q

carbamazepine

A

Antiepileptic drug
Second most common
Therapeutic level 4-12 mcg/ml
🚫grapefruit
Recheck levels in 2 months

39
Q

valproic acid

A

Sprinkles- applesauce
Therapeutic level 50-100 mcg/ml
🚫pop 🥤

Adverse effects:
Diarrhea, pancreatitis? Hepatotoxic

40
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Antiepileptic drug

For drop seizures

41
Q

levetiracetam

A

Antiepileptic drug

42
Q

zonisamide

A

Antiepileptic drug
In sulfa family

43
Q

topiramate

A

Antiepileptic drug
Can cause weight loss
Don’t give to pregnant moms

44
Q

Adverse effects for Antiepileptic drugs

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Hypotension
Birth defects

▪️warning: suicidal thoughts
Worse in 16-24yrs old

Narrow therapeutic index

45
Q

Steven Johnson Syndrome

A

Bloody crusty lips
Skin lesions
Peeling

Caused by:
NSAIDS- ibuprofen
Antibiotics- sulfonamides
Antiepileptic- lamotrigine

46
Q

Antiepileptic medications can cause

A

Congenital malformations in baby

47
Q

Do not take other CNS depressants such as

A

No alcohol, Benadryl, or opioids

48
Q

Medications for status epilepticus

A

Fast acting:
midazolam intranasal
diazepam PR (rectal)
diazepam IV

49
Q

Medications for status epilepticus

A

Fast acting:
midazolam intranasal
diazepam PR (rectal)
diazepam IV

50
Q

Medications for status epilepticus

A

Fast acting:
midazolam intranasal
diazepam PR (rectal)
diazepam IV

51
Q

Kava

A

Treats stress

Contraindicated in:
Liver disease
Can cause jaundice

52
Q

Ginkgo Biloba

A

Lowers platelet aggregation
Prevents memory loss
Prevents peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Stop 2wks before surgery
⬆️risk of bleeding

53
Q

cranberry

A

Keeps bacteria from sticking to bladder wall

Contraindicated in aspirin due to salicylic acid

Can cause N/V/D

54
Q

Echinacea

A

Stimulates immune system
Reduces cold symptoms

Can ⬇️ effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs

55
Q

Flaxseed

A

1-2hrs before other meds

Treats cholesterol and atherosclerosis

Can cause diarrhea

56
Q

St. John’s wart

A

Treats depression but don’t take w/depression meds

⬆️risk of suicide

Adverse effect: photosensitivity

57
Q

Ginger

A

Antioxidant

Treats morning sickness

Adverse effect: ⬆️ bleeding risk

58
Q

Valerian

A

Treats sleep disorders
“Herbal valium”

⬆️CNS effects w/ sedatives

Hepatitoxic

59
Q

Hawthorne

A

Treats HTN

Don’t take with other HTN meds

60
Q

Capsaicin

A

In peppers
Topical anesthetic

🚫hot packs- 🔥

61
Q

Licorice

A

Contains phytoestrogens
Treats peptic ulcers & hot flashes

🚫🤰🏻

Can cause HTN, fluid retention, labor

62
Q

Glucosamine

A

Can treat osteoarthritis
🚫🤰🏻

Can cause nausea

63
Q

Garlic

A

Antiplatelet
Lipid reducer
Antiseptic

🚫2wks before surgery

Adverse effects: gas and diarrhea

64
Q

Melatonin

A

Release by pineal gland at night

Can cause diarrhea & low BP

Pharm 2 (6 decks)

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