Exam 4 Flashcards
Diencephalon
Thalamus: relay structure between different parts of brain.
Hypothalamus: regulation of autonomic function and endocrine activity.
Mesencephalon
Midbrain
Processes visual and auditory information
Reflexes and consciousness
CN 4 exits brainstem posteriorly.
Pons
Where cerebellum connects to brainstem.
CN 5, 6, 7, 8 exit.
Medulla Oblongata (medulla)
Respiratory and cardiac regulation
CN 9, 10, 11, 12 exit.
Cerebellum
Adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in the brain and spinal cord.
Coordinates somatic motor patterns.
Learning.
Majority of neurons located here.
CN I:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Olfactory Nerve
F: Special sensory (smell)
O: olfactory epithelium in superior nasal cavity.
H: olfactory foramina on cribriform plate.
D: olfactory bulbs then olfactory tracts.
CN II:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Optic Nerve
F: special sensory (vision)
O: retina
H: optic canal
D: diencephalon, then occipital lobe.
CN III:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Oculomotor Nerve
F: somatic motor of superior, inferior, and medial rectus, inf oblique, levator palpebrae superioris; Visceral motor (pupil constriction, lens convexity).
O: mesencephalon
H: superior orbital fissure
D: extraocular eye muscles listed above.
CN 4:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Trochlear Nerve
F: Somatic motor to superior oblique.
O: mesencephalon
H: superior orbital fissure
D: superior oblique.
V1 Branch of CN V:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Ophthalmic Nerve
F: sensation of forehead, upper eyelid, nose
O: skin on face
H: superior orbital fissure
D: Pons
V2 Branch of CN V:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Maxillary Nerve
F: sensation of lower eyelid, upper lip, and cheek.
O: skin on face
H: foramen rotundum
D: Pons
V3 Branch of CN V:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Mandibular Nerve
F: sensation from lower jaw, muscles of mastication.
O: skin on face for sensory; Pons for motor.
H: foramen ovale
D: Pons for sensory, muscles for motor.
CN VI:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Abducens Nerve
F: somatic motor for lateral rectus.
O: Pons
H: superior orbital fissure.
D: lateral rectus.
CN VII:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Facial Nerve
F: Special sensory- taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
Somatic Motor: facial muscles
Visceral motor: PS for eye, nose, mouth, secretion.
O: SS- tongue; Motor- pons and medulla
H: internal acoustic meatus; splits into different branches and exits through several holes.
D: SS- medulla
M- muscles of the face
VM- lacrimal and salivary glands.
CN VIII:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
F: special sensory (hearing/balance).
O: receptors of vestibule and cochlea of ear.
H: internal acoustic meatus
D: Pons.
CN IX:
Name, Function (5), Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
F: Sensory and taste from post 1/3 of tongue
Visceral Sensory- monitor BP in internal carotid a.
Somatic Motor- stylopharyngeus muscle
Visceral motor- PS for saliva production.
O: Tongue for sensory; carotid sinus for VS; Pons and medulla for Motor
H: Jugular Foragmen
D: Sensory- medulla
VM- Parotid SG
SM: muscle.
CN X:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Vagus Nerve
F: Visceral Sensory- organs (satiety)
Visceral motor- PS to organs
Somatic Motor- conscious swallowing, vocalization.
O: sensory from organs; motor from medulla.
H: jugular foramen
D: sensory to medulla; VM to organs; SM to muscles.
CN XI:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Accessory Nerve
F: somatic motor- neck movement, swallowing.
O: spinal cord and medulla.
F: enters skull through foramen magnum, exits skull through jugular foramen.
D: external branch to SCM, traps; internal branch to muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx.
CN XII:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination
N: Hypoglossal Nerve
F: motor to tongue.
O: medulla
F: hypoglossal canal
D: tongue muscles.
Layers of the SCALP
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
Blood Supply and Innervation of the Dura Mater
BS: Anterior meningeal artery, middle meningeal artery (for spinosum), posterior meningeal artery.
Innervation: CN V (mostly V1 to the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli), Vagus nerve (posterior cranial fossa).
Main artery that supplies the brain and its branches
Internal carotid artery
Branches: Ophthalmic artery
Posterior communicating
artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery.
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Supplies medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes.
R and L are joined by anterior communicating artery.
Middle Cerebral Artery
Supplies lateral aspects of brain.
Basically a cont of the internal carotid artery.
