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anatomy > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus: relay structure between different parts of brain.
Hypothalamus: regulation of autonomic function and endocrine activity.

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2
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain
Processes visual and auditory information
Reflexes and consciousness
CN 4 exits brainstem posteriorly.

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3
Q

Pons

A

Where cerebellum connects to brainstem.
CN 5, 6, 7, 8 exit.

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4
Q

Medulla Oblongata (medulla)

A

Respiratory and cardiac regulation
CN 9, 10, 11, 12 exit.

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5
Q

Cerebellum

A

Adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in the brain and spinal cord.
Coordinates somatic motor patterns.
Learning.
Majority of neurons located here.

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6
Q

CN I:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Olfactory Nerve
F: Special sensory (smell)
O: olfactory epithelium in superior nasal cavity.
H: olfactory foramina on cribriform plate.
D: olfactory bulbs then olfactory tracts.

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7
Q

CN II:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Optic Nerve
F: special sensory (vision)
O: retina
H: optic canal
D: diencephalon, then occipital lobe.

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8
Q

CN III:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Oculomotor Nerve
F: somatic motor of superior, inferior, and medial rectus, inf oblique, levator palpebrae superioris; Visceral motor (pupil constriction, lens convexity).
O: mesencephalon
H: superior orbital fissure
D: extraocular eye muscles listed above.

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9
Q

CN 4:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Trochlear Nerve
F: Somatic motor to superior oblique.
O: mesencephalon
H: superior orbital fissure
D: superior oblique.

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10
Q

V1 Branch of CN V:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Ophthalmic Nerve
F: sensation of forehead, upper eyelid, nose
O: skin on face
H: superior orbital fissure
D: Pons

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11
Q

V2 Branch of CN V:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Maxillary Nerve
F: sensation of lower eyelid, upper lip, and cheek.
O: skin on face
H: foramen rotundum
D: Pons

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12
Q

V3 Branch of CN V:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Mandibular Nerve
F: sensation from lower jaw, muscles of mastication.
O: skin on face for sensory; Pons for motor.
H: foramen ovale
D: Pons for sensory, muscles for motor.

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13
Q

CN VI:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Abducens Nerve
F: somatic motor for lateral rectus.
O: Pons
H: superior orbital fissure.
D: lateral rectus.

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14
Q

CN VII:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Facial Nerve
F: Special sensory- taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
Somatic Motor: facial muscles
Visceral motor: PS for eye, nose, mouth, secretion.
O: SS- tongue; Motor- pons and medulla
H: internal acoustic meatus; splits into different branches and exits through several holes.
D: SS- medulla
M- muscles of the face
VM- lacrimal and salivary glands.

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15
Q

CN VIII:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
F: special sensory (hearing/balance).
O: receptors of vestibule and cochlea of ear.
H: internal acoustic meatus
D: Pons.

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16
Q

CN IX:
Name, Function (5), Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
F: Sensory and taste from post 1/3 of tongue
Visceral Sensory- monitor BP in internal carotid a.
Somatic Motor- stylopharyngeus muscle
Visceral motor- PS for saliva production.
O: Tongue for sensory; carotid sinus for VS; Pons and medulla for Motor
H: Jugular Foragmen
D: Sensory- medulla
VM- Parotid SG
SM: muscle.

17
Q

CN X:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Vagus Nerve
F: Visceral Sensory- organs (satiety)
Visceral motor- PS to organs
Somatic Motor- conscious swallowing, vocalization.
O: sensory from organs; motor from medulla.
H: jugular foramen
D: sensory to medulla; VM to organs; SM to muscles.

18
Q

CN XI:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Accessory Nerve
F: somatic motor- neck movement, swallowing.
O: spinal cord and medulla.
F: enters skull through foramen magnum, exits skull through jugular foramen.
D: external branch to SCM, traps; internal branch to muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx.

19
Q

CN XII:
Name, Function, Origin, Hole, Destination

A

N: Hypoglossal Nerve
F: motor to tongue.
O: medulla
F: hypoglossal canal
D: tongue muscles.

20
Q

Layers of the SCALP

A

Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

21
Q

Blood Supply and Innervation of the Dura Mater

A

BS: Anterior meningeal artery, middle meningeal artery (for spinosum), posterior meningeal artery.
Innervation: CN V (mostly V1 to the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli), Vagus nerve (posterior cranial fossa).

22
Q

Main artery that supplies the brain and its branches

A

Internal carotid artery
Branches: Ophthalmic artery
Posterior communicating
artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery.

23
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery

A

Supplies medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes.
R and L are joined by anterior communicating artery.

24
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery

A

Supplies lateral aspects of brain.
Basically a cont of the internal carotid artery.

25
Q

Cerebral Arterial Circle:
arteries that make it up (5)

A

Internal Carotid
Anterior Cerebral
Anterior Communicating
Posterior Cerebral
Posterior Communicating

26
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Inflammation/swelling of parotid gland or stylomastoid foramen that results in compression of Facial nerve and facial paralysis.
Usually caused by herpes, head trauma, or diabetes.

27
Q

Superior Oblique and Inferior Oblique functions

A

SO: look down and laterally
IO: look up and laterally

28
Q

Directions to have patient look to test muscles

A

Lateral/Medial Rectus: laterally/medially
Superior Oblique: medial and down.
Inferior Oblique: medial and up.
Superior Rectus: Lateral and up.
Inferior Rectus: Lateral and down.

29
Q

Nerve pathway to sublingual and submandibular glands

A

Chorda tympani (VII)
Hitchhikes on lingual nerve (V3)
Synapses at submandibular ganglion.
Targets submandibular and sublingual glands.

30
Q

Nerve pathway to Parotid Gland

A

CN IX, glossopharyngeal
Synapses at otic ganglion.
Hitchhikes on auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
Targets the parotid gland.

31
Q

PS pathway to lacrimal gland

A

Greater petrosal nerve (VII)
Synapses at pterygopalatine ganglion
Hitchhikes on Maxillary nerve (V2)
Lacrimal nerve
Lacrimal gland (increases tear production).

32
Q

Nerve pathway for pupil constriction

A

CN III, oculomotor
Synapses at ciliary ganglion
Short ciliary nerve
Pupil constriction

33
Q

Nerve pathway for pupil dilation

A

Superior cervical ganglion
Carotid plexus
Nasociliary (long and short ciliary nerve)
Pupil dilation

anatomy (5 decks)

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