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Anatomy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood supply of hip joint/head of femur

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Acetabular branch of the obturator artery
Retinacular arteries

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2
Q

Gluteus Maximus:
A, F, I

A

A: thoracolumbar fascia, ilium and sacrum, erector spinae, sacrotuberous lig, gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract.
F: hip extension and adduction (especially in flexed position) and hip lateral rotation.
I: inferior gluteal nerve.

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3
Q

Tensor fascia lata:
A, F, I

A

A: ASIS, anterior part of iliac crest, IT tract, lateral condyle of tibia.
F: stabilizes hip and knee joints, hip flexion, hip medial rotation.
I: superior gluteal nerve

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4
Q

Gluteus Medius:
A, F, I

A

A: between posterior and anterior gluteal lines on ilium; greater trochanter of femur.
F: ant fibers abduct and medially rotate, post fibers abduct and laterally rotate.
I: superior gluteal nerve.

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5
Q

Gluteus Minimus:
A, F, I

A

A: between anterior and inferior gluteal lines on ilium; greater trochanter.
F: hip abduction
I: superior gluteal nerve.

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6
Q

Piriformis Muscle:
A, F, I

A

A: sacrum, sacrotuberous lig, greater trochanter; passes through greater sciatic foramen.
F: hip lateral rotation, femur stabilization.
I: nerve to piriformis.

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7
Q

Obturator Internus:
A, F, I

A

A: obturator membrane and bone, greater trochanter.
F: hip lateral rotation, stabilization of femur.
I: nerve to obturator internus.

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8
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemellus:
A, F, I

A

A: greater trochanter (both)
F: hip lateral rotation, stabilization of femur (both).
I: nerve to obturator internus (S); nerve to quadratus femoris (I).

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9
Q

Quadratus Femoris:
A, F, I

A

A: ischial tuberosity, intertrochanteric crest.
F: hip lateral rotation, stabilization of femur.
I: nerve to quadratus femoris.

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10
Q

Superior Gluteal Artery (5)

A

Internal Iliac artery-> posterior division-> SGA
Between lumbosacral trunk and S1.
Exits via greater sciatic foramen.
SF branch supplies gluteus maximus
Deep branch supplies gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata.

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11
Q

Inferior Gluteal Artery (4)

A

Internal iliac artery-> anterior division-> IGA
Typically between S2 and S3.
Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen.
Supplies gluteus maximus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, and superior hamstrings.

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12
Q

Connections to the patella

A

Quadriceps tendon superiorly
Patellar ligament inferiorly

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13
Q

Sartorius Muscle:
A, F, I

A

A: ASIS, pes anserinus (medial knee)
F: flex hip and knee, laterally rotate femur (crossing legs)
I: femoral nerve

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14
Q

Rectus Femoris:
A, F, I

A

A: AIIS, quadriceps femoris tendon.
F: flex hip, extend knee (karate kick)
I: femoral nerve

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15
Q

Vastus Lateralis, Medialis, and Intermedius:
A, F, I

A

A: anterior femur, quad femoris tendon.
F: extend knee
I: femoral nerve

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16
Q

Psoas and Iliacus muscles

A

P: attached to T12 and down, innervated by upper lumbar nerves.
I: attached to medial surface of ilium/false pelvis, innervated by femoral nerve.
Both attach to lesser trochanter and flex the hip.

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17
Q

Borders and Contents of the Femoral Triangle

A

Superior: Inguinal ligament
Lateral: Sartorius
Medial: Adductor Longus
Floor: Iliopsoas and Pectineus
Contents: Fem N, Fem A, Fem V, Lymph nodes.

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18
Q

Femoral Sheath

A

Lateral compartment- fem artery
Intermed compartment- fem vein
Medial compartment- lymphatics/fem canal
Femoral Nerve is lateral to the sheath, NOT in the sheath.

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19
Q

Pectineus Muscle:
A, F, I

A

A: pectineal line of pubis, lesser trochanter and linea aspera.
F: adduct hip, flex hip
I: femoral nerve

20
Q

Gracilis Muscle:
A, F, I

A

A: inferior pubic ramus of pubis, tibia (pes anserine)
F: adduct hip, flex knee.
I: obturator nerve

21
Q

Adductor Longus and Brevis:
A, F, I

A

A: pubis, linea aspera
F: adduct hip, medially rotate hip (only L)
I: obturator nerve

22
Q

Obturator Externus

A

A: external surface of obturator membrane, trochanteric fossa of femur
F: lateral rotation of hip
I: obturator nerve.

23
Q

Adductor Magnus (2 Parts):
A, F, I

A

Adductor Part
A: ischiopubic ramus and linea aspera.
I: Obturator Nerve.

Hamstring Part
A: ischial tuberosity and adductor tubercle of femur.
I: Sciatic Nerve

F: adduction and medial rotation of hip.

24
Q

Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus:
A, F, I, relative position

A

A: ischial tuberosity and tibia.
F: hip extension, knee flexion.
I: Tibial nerve and sciatic nerve.

SM is more medial.

25
Q

Biceps Femoris Long Head and Short Head:
A, F, I, relative position

A

A: Long- ischial tuberosity and fibular head; Short- linea aspera and fibular head.
F: hip extension, knee flexion.
I: Long- tibial nerve/sciatic nerve; Short- common fibular nerve/sciatic nerve.

Short head is deep to long head.

26
Q

Anterior and Posterior Cruciate ligaments

A

A: limits anterior displacement of the tibia
P: limits posterior displacement of the tibia.

27
Q

Popliteal Fossa Contents (5)

A

Popliteal artery: cont of femoral artery as it passes through adductor hiatus.
Genicular branches: supply knee jt.
Tibial and Common Fibular Nerve: branches off sciatic nerve.
Popliteus muscle.

28
Q

Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles and their Attachments
Function
Innervation
(3)

A

Gastrocnemius: medial and lateral femoral condyles, calcaneal tendon

Plantaris: lateral femoral condyle, calc tendon

Soleus: posterior fibular head, medial border of tibia, calcaneal tendon.

Functions: plantarflexion, assist in knee flexion.

Innervation: Tibial nerve

29
Q

Popliteus Muscle:
Location, A, F, I

A

L: posterior knee/leg
A: lateral condyle of femur, posterior tibia
F: laterally rotates femur to unlock the knee for flexion.
I: Tibial nerve

30
Q

Tibialis Posterior:
A, F, I

A

A: interosseus membrane, medial side of plantar foot.
F: inversion of ankle, some PF.
I: tibial nerve.

31
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus:
A, F, I

A

A: medial side of posterior tibia, plantar foot, distal phalanges II-V.
F: flexes lateral 4 toes.
I: tibial nerve

32
Q

Flexor Hallucus Longus:
A, F, I

A

A: posterior fibula, plantar surface of hallux.
F: flexes hallux, esp during “toe off” phase of walking.
I: tibial nerve.

33
Q

Lateral Compartment of Leg Muscles and Attachments
Function
Innervation

A

Fibularis Longus- fibular head and 1st metatarsal
Fibularis Brevis- fibular shaft and 5th metatarsal.
F: eversion of foot, some plantarflexion.
I: superficial fibular nerve.

34
Q

Tibialis Anterior:
A, F, I

A

A: lateral tibia, 1st metatarsal.
F: dorsiflexion, inversion
I: deep fibular nerve.

35
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus:
A, F, I

A

A: medial fibula, distal phalanx of hallux
F: extension of hallux, dorsiflexion.
I: deep fibular nerve

36
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

A: lateral tibia and medial fibula, phalanges of II-V
F: extension of lat 4 toes, dorsiflexion.
I: deep fibular nerve.

37
Q

Foot Drop

A

Weakness in dorsiflexion.
Usually caused by weakness in tibialis anterior due to damage in CFN or DFN.

38
Q

Dorsum of Foot:
Muscles, Innervation, Blood Supply

A

M: Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis
I: motor by DF, sensory by SF.
BS: anterior tibial artery (cont as dorsalis pedis artery).

39
Q

Anterior Compartment Syndrome

A

Increased pressure of anterior comp of leg.
Causes weakened dorsalis pedis pulse due to compression of tibial artery, weakened dorsiflexion, and compression of DFN.

40
Q

1st Layer of Plantar Muscles and attachments

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi.
A: calcaneus and digits.

41
Q

2nd Layer of Plantar Muscles (2): Attachments and Function

A

Quadratus Plantae- calcaneus to flexor digitorum longus tendon.
Lumbricals- from FDL tendon to phalanges.
Function: assist with flexion of digits II-V; maintain longitudinal arches.

42
Q

3rd Layer of Plantar Muscles

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

43
Q

4th Layer of Plantar Muscles and Functions

A

Plantar interossei (3)- Adduct
Dorsal interossei (4)- Abduct (DAB)

44
Q

Anterior Roots of the Branches of the Brachial Plexus

A

Radial: C5-T1
Axillary: C5-6
Musculocutaneous: C5-6
Median: C6-T1
Ulnar: C8-T1

45
Q
A

Anatomy (5 decks)

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