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Psych 202 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

characteristics, emotions, thoughts, behaviors that are stable over time and across circumstances

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2
Q

personality traits

A

dispositional tendency to act a certain way over time; characteristics of someone

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3
Q

Freudians Psychodynamic Approach

A

unconscious plays majority role in personality;
-Id (devil): pleasure seeking, impulsive side
-Superego (angle): dictated by social norms, what parents teach out, morlas, etc
-Ego: personality; mediates between Id and ego

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4
Q

freudian slip

A

something said mistakenly that uncovers thoughts of the unconscious mind

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5
Q

freud: penis envy

A

females wish they were males (rather than wanting male power/ privilege)

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6
Q

phallic symbol

A

symbol of a penis; represents men and power

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7
Q

Defense mechanisms: Denial

A

refuse to acknowledge source of anxiety

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8
Q

Defense mechanisms: Repression

A

exclude source of anxiety from conscious awareness

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9
Q

Defense mechanisms: projection

A

attributing qualities of oneself onto another

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10
Q

Defense mechanisms: reaction formation

A

warding off uncomfortable thoughts by over emphasizing opposite

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11
Q

Defense mechanisms: rationalization

A

finding/ making up logical reason or excuse for something wrong/shameful

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12
Q

Defense mechanisms: displacement

A

shifting emotional attention from one thing to another

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13
Q

Defense mechanisms: sublimation

A

channeling socially unacceptable impulses into admirable behavior (ex. sadist becomes a surgeon)

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14
Q

Humanistic Existential Approach for personality

A

focus on how healthy change creates personality

-existential: finding meaning in life and reality of death
-humanistic: pos, optimistic view of human nature, goodness, potential and growth

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15
Q

Self actualizing tendency

A

human motive toward realizing inner potential
**maslow’s hierarchy of needs

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16
Q

flow

A

all in/ complete focus in activity where you lose track of time (ex. running, art, music, etc)

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17
Q

Social Cognitive Approach

A

an approach that views personality in terms of how a person thinking about situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response

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18
Q

Studying personality: projective approaches

A

studying unconscious; ambiguous stimuli to see response (projection)
ex: Rorschach inkblot test, thematic apperception test

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19
Q

Studying personality: self report

A

multiple choice or true false; limiting answer choices to quantify (ex. DSM-5)

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20
Q

Studying personality: narrative approach

A

used gto see how one thinking about themself

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21
Q

Eysenck’s 2 factor model

A

looks at stability vs instability and introverted vs extroverted to see how 2 traits map onto each other/ work together

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22
Q

The Big 5

A

favor statistical analysis; continuum of how traits work together
- openness to experience
-conscientiousness
- extro vs introversion
-agreeableness
-neuroticism (security and worry/calm)

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23
Q

Introversion coorelation

A

high stress reactivity, anxious, shy, closede

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24
Q

extroversion correlation

A

low stress reactivity, seek out new experiences, sensation seeking impulse (ex. free solo alex honnold free climb mountain; extreme sensation seeking)

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25
Q

Genetics vs. environment for personality

A

personality traits: genetics
behavior: environment/ socialization
**adoption studies; adopted kids no more likely to be like parents than any random adult

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26
Q

DSM-5

A

diagnostic manual for psychological disorders (lists criteria)

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27
Q

personality disorder

A

an enduring pattern of inner experience (cognitive) with behavioral manifestations impairing ones life that meet 5 characters

1) deviates from individuals culture
2) pervasive and inflexible
3) onset in childhood/ early adulthood
4) persistent over time
5) impairs functioning

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28
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder characteristics

A

-need for admiration
-lack of empathy
-grandiose self importance/ high status
-self entitlement
-arrogent
-exploits others for own benefit

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29
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

-unstable moods
-intense and volatile relationships (all good or all bad)
-manipulation, suicide threats, etc to get attention and manipulate others

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30
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

-disregard for law and rights of others
-personality based disorder; personality traits + socially deviant behavior
-extreme case -> psychopathy

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31
Q

Psychopathy

A

incapacity for love and forming relationships BUT has mask of sanity/ normal functioning

-superficial charm
-grandiose sense of self worth
-need for stimulation
-pathological lying
-lack of remorse
-lack of emotional depth

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32
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

excess in functioning: delusions, hallucination (auditory/ voices), loosening of associations, disorganized/inappropriate behavior

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33
Q

delusion of persecution

A

paranoid delusion; belief that others are persecuting, spying on or trying to harm you

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34
Q

delusion of reference

A

belief that objects, events, or other people have particular significance to them

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35
Q

delusion of grandeur/ delusion of identity

A

belief that they are some great power. someone else (ex. jesus, president, etc)

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36
Q

delusion of guilt

A

belief that they have committed a terrible sin that they did not

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37
Q

delusion of control

A

believe that their thoughts/ behaviors are being controlled by external forces (ex. device/chip in brain)

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38
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

deficits in functioning and indicate a worse prognosis; isolation, apathy, no emotional expression/ reaction, withdrawal, blunted emotional expression

39
Q

formal thought disorder

A

non coherent linking of thoughts, words, ideas, language that makes sense in their head but not in reality ; word salad

40
Q

content thought disorder (CTD)

A

thought disturbance characterized by multiple fragmented delusions;very organized coherent thoughts (evidence for claim) rooted in delusion

41
Q

subtypes of schizophrenia: paranoid

A

paranoid delusion/ hallucinations (organized)

42
Q

subtypes of schizophrenia: catatonic

A

not moving (if i move I will die); repeating something over and over; frozen by control of delusion

43
Q

subtypes of schizophrenia: disorganized

A

disorganized thoughts/ behaviors (not paranoid); flat or inappropriate effect

44
Q

subtypes of schizophrenia: undifferentiated

A

have delusions and hallucinations but not paranoid about then (no fear that they are out to get them just delulu)

45
Q

subtypes of schizophrenia: residual

A

no delusions or paranoia but still neg symptoms (apathy, lack of emotion, etc)

46
Q

evidence for schizophrenia as a brain disorder

A

-temporal lobe activation for auditory hallucinations
-chronic schizophrenia episodes shrink hippocampus and cause loss of brain tissue
-dopamine surplus -> psychotic episode like schizophrenia

47
Q

Neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia

A

glutamate and dopamine

48
Q

Schizophrenia treatment: dopamine antagonist

A

Lower dopamine levels in brain; helps reduce positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganization)

49
Q

How is schizophrenia inherited

A

-genetic inheritability
-environmental factors/ stressors that trigger it

50
Q

diathesis stress model

A

predisposition for disorder remains unexpressed until triggered by external stressor (what flips the switch)

51
Q

treatment for schizophrenia

A

-medication (often dopamine antagonist) but often delulu so they don’t wanna take them

-psychosocial treatment

52
Q

Schizophrenia medication side effects

A

-strong sedative (low dopamine)
-> loss of motivation and emotional expression

-tardive dyskinesia: ticks/ unsual moter side effects

53
Q

non psychotic disorders

A

have not lost contact with reality (no delusions/ hallucinations)

54
Q

Diathesis- stress model

A

pre disposition-> environmental stressor triggers disorder development

55
Q

Anxiety disorders (list)

A

ODC, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD

56
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

-excessive and uncontrollable anxiety for extended period of time (6+ months)
-symptoms: fatigue, sleep disturbance, restlessness, muscle tension, irritability, difficulty concentrating, on edge

57
Q

OCD

A

Repetitive intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) to fend off those thoughts; interferes with functioning

58
Q

ocd causes

A

learned through negative reinforcement of compulsions to cope with anxiety/ obsessions

59
Q

ocd treatment

A

exposure therapy/ response prevention and medication

60
Q

panic disorder

A

extreme form of anxiety (panic attacks); dysregulated breathing -> hyperventilation -> psychical response

61
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of panic attacks; often leads people to avoid public places (isolation)

62
Q

PTSD

A

anxiety and trauma disorder; common among veterans and prisoners

63
Q

PTSD: depersonalization and derealization

A

depersonalization: disconnected from self/ actions
derealization: disconnected from reality (panic attack symptoms)

64
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others or the world

65
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A

blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies

66
Q

Mood disorders

A

major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, suicide, etc

67
Q

Comorbidity

A

co occurrence; mood disorders (ex depression) can overlap with anxiety disorders

68
Q

Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder/ a Major depressive episode

A

depressed moods, profound state, extreme weight loss/gain, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation (speed up/ slow down), fatigue, feeling worthless, loss of energy, thoughts of death
*symptoms persistent (over 2 weeks)

69
Q

persistent depressive disorder/ dysthymia

A

“high functioning depression”; depression symptoms persistent but more low grade

70
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

periods of major depression and periods of mania

71
Q

bipolar disorder: manic episode

A

sense of grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, very talkative, psychomotor agitation, thoughts racing, easily distractible, hypersexuality, rash spending, impulsive decision making, impaired judgement, euphoria or agitation.

72
Q

hypermania

A

sub level manic episode; symptoms to less extreme (many times people don’t want to medicate for hypomania )

73
Q

treatment for bipolar disorder

A

lithium or other mood stabilizing medication, family and social relationship work (aware those close to person), reality testing -> awareness of symptoms

74
Q

cyclothymia

A

subset of bipolar; episodes consisting of hypomanic and non major depressive symptoms (higher functioning/ less extreme)

75
Q

Bipolar 1

A

manic episodes and depressive episodes

76
Q

Bipolar 2

A

hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes

77
Q

mixed bipolar episode

A

mood switches quickly from mania to depression; moodnever normal
*rapid cycling

78
Q

Major Depressive disorder with psychotic features

A

hallucinations (ex. voices telling you to kill yourself) but NOT schizophrenia; when depression is treated voices will go away

79
Q

Bipolar manic episode with psychotic features

A

delusions of grandeur (ex. thinking they are god or the president) but when bipolar disorder treated the delusions will go away

80
Q

Causes of depression

A

-decently large genetic heritability/ biological component shown by MZ v. DZ twin studies
-impacts neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine (biological infleucne)
-twin studies also show environmental influence

81
Q

Causes of Bipolar disorder

A

very strong genetic heritability (up there with autism)
*twin studies: MZ twins with same intrauterine environment -> 72% both developed disorder

82
Q

Causes of Schizophrenia

A

not very genetically based; more environmental development based

83
Q

Treatment for depression

A

-medication (SSRI’s, norepinephrine drugs, etc); comorbidity with anti anxiety treatment
-Behavioral approach; increasing participation in rewarding activities
-Cognitive-Behaviroal approach; mindset -> changes behavior
-psychotherapy
-Electroconvulsive therapy (intensive, last resort method)

84
Q

what do anti anxiety medications do

A

impact GABA

85
Q

what do anti psychotic drugs do

A

affect levels of dopamine (decrease)
ex. lithium

86
Q

what medications are used to treat bipolar disorder

A

mood stabilizers

87
Q

Why is psychotherapy so impactful

A

-form relationship with therapist (warm,caring, safe)
-value of confessions and not repressing thoughts/ emotions

88
Q

2 main childhood disorders

A

autism and ADHD; wouldn’t be diagnosed on adulthood unless showed signs in childhood

89
Q

Autism

A

impaired language, social skills, and sometimes cognitive abilities; restrictive and repetitive behaviors; troubles with overstimulation and sensory stimulation; hyperaware of environment; often very niche restrictive interest; troubles with eye contact

90
Q

Asperger’s Syndrome

A

high functioning form of autism; high intelligence but impairment regarding social interaction; deficits in concepts such as theory of mind, sarcasm, etc

91
Q

Autism treatment

A

Applied Behavioral Approach (ABA): 30-40 hrs per week (pref before age of 5) to correct social behaviour using operant conditioning (reward)

92
Q

ADHD

A

pattern of impaired attention, concentration, hyperactivity, impulsivity and trouble managing impulsivity activity (basil ganglia firing)

93
Q

ADHD treatment

A

-medication: stimulants such as adderall and ritalin calm down (under stimulated brain searching for stimulation -> hyper activity)
-behavioral treatment: stop and think approaches, create organizational systems

Psych 202 (4 decks)

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