Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 202 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

characteristics, emotions, thoughts, behaviors that are stable over time and across circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

personality traits

A

dispositional tendency to act a certain way over time; characteristics of someone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Freudians Psychodynamic Approach

A

unconscious plays majority role in personality;
-Id (devil): pleasure seeking, impulsive side
-Superego (angle): dictated by social norms, what parents teach out, morlas, etc
-Ego: personality; mediates between Id and ego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

freudian slip

A

something said mistakenly that uncovers thoughts of the unconscious mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

freud: penis envy

A

females wish they were males (rather than wanting male power/ privilege)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

phallic symbol

A

symbol of a penis; represents men and power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Defense mechanisms: Denial

A

refuse to acknowledge source of anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Defense mechanisms: Repression

A

exclude source of anxiety from conscious awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Defense mechanisms: projection

A

attributing qualities of oneself onto another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Defense mechanisms: reaction formation

A

warding off uncomfortable thoughts by over emphasizing opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Defense mechanisms: rationalization

A

finding/ making up logical reason or excuse for something wrong/shameful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Defense mechanisms: displacement

A

shifting emotional attention from one thing to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Defense mechanisms: sublimation

A

channeling socially unacceptable impulses into admirable behavior (ex. sadist becomes a surgeon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Humanistic Existential Approach for personality

A

focus on how healthy change creates personality

-existential: finding meaning in life and reality of death
-humanistic: pos, optimistic view of human nature, goodness, potential and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Self actualizing tendency

A

human motive toward realizing inner potential
**maslow’s hierarchy of needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

flow

A

all in/ complete focus in activity where you lose track of time (ex. running, art, music, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Social Cognitive Approach

A

an approach that views personality in terms of how a person thinking about situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Studying personality: projective approaches

A

studying unconscious; ambiguous stimuli to see response (projection)
ex: Rorschach inkblot test, thematic apperception test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Studying personality: self report

A

multiple choice or true false; limiting answer choices to quantify (ex. DSM-5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Studying personality: narrative approach

A

used gto see how one thinking about themself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Eysenck’s 2 factor model

A

looks at stability vs instability and introverted vs extroverted to see how 2 traits map onto each other/ work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The Big 5

A

favor statistical analysis; continuum of how traits work together
- openness to experience
-conscientiousness
- extro vs introversion
-agreeableness
-neuroticism (security and worry/calm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Introversion coorelation

A

high stress reactivity, anxious, shy, closede

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

extroversion correlation

A

low stress reactivity, seek out new experiences, sensation seeking impulse (ex. free solo alex honnold free climb mountain; extreme sensation seeking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Genetics vs. environment for personality
personality traits: genetics behavior: environment/ socialization **adoption studies; adopted kids no more likely to be like parents than any random adult
26
DSM-5
diagnostic manual for psychological disorders (lists criteria)
27
personality disorder
an enduring pattern of inner experience (cognitive) with behavioral manifestations impairing ones life that meet 5 characters 1) deviates from individuals culture 2) pervasive and inflexible 3) onset in childhood/ early adulthood 4) persistent over time 5) impairs functioning
28
Narcissistic personality disorder characteristics
-need for admiration -lack of empathy -grandiose self importance/ high status -self entitlement -arrogent -exploits others for own benefit
29
borderline personality disorder
-unstable moods -intense and volatile relationships (all good or all bad) -manipulation, suicide threats, etc to get attention and manipulate others
30
antisocial personality disorder
-disregard for law and rights of others -personality based disorder; personality traits + socially deviant behavior -extreme case -> psychopathy
31
Psychopathy
incapacity for love and forming relationships BUT has mask of sanity/ normal functioning -superficial charm -grandiose sense of self worth -need for stimulation -pathological lying -lack of remorse -lack of emotional depth
32
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
excess in functioning: delusions, hallucination (auditory/ voices), loosening of associations, disorganized/inappropriate behavior
33
delusion of persecution
paranoid delusion; belief that others are persecuting, spying on or trying to harm you
34
delusion of reference
belief that objects, events, or other people have particular significance to them
35
delusion of grandeur/ delusion of identity
belief that they are some great power. someone else (ex. jesus, president, etc)
36
delusion of guilt
belief that they have committed a terrible sin that they did not
37
delusion of control
believe that their thoughts/ behaviors are being controlled by external forces (ex. device/chip in brain)
38
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
deficits in functioning and indicate a worse prognosis; isolation, apathy, no emotional expression/ reaction, withdrawal, blunted emotional expression
39
formal thought disorder
non coherent linking of thoughts, words, ideas, language that makes sense in their head but not in reality ; word salad
40
content thought disorder (CTD)
thought disturbance characterized by multiple fragmented delusions;very organized coherent thoughts (evidence for claim) rooted in delusion
41
subtypes of schizophrenia: paranoid
paranoid delusion/ hallucinations (organized)
42
subtypes of schizophrenia: catatonic
not moving (if i move I will die); repeating something over and over; frozen by control of delusion
43
subtypes of schizophrenia: disorganized
disorganized thoughts/ behaviors (not paranoid); flat or inappropriate effect
44
subtypes of schizophrenia: undifferentiated
have delusions and hallucinations but not paranoid about then (no fear that they are out to get them just delulu)
45
subtypes of schizophrenia: residual
no delusions or paranoia but still neg symptoms (apathy, lack of emotion, etc)
46
evidence for schizophrenia as a brain disorder
-temporal lobe activation for auditory hallucinations -chronic schizophrenia episodes shrink hippocampus and cause loss of brain tissue -dopamine surplus -> psychotic episode like schizophrenia
47
Neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia
glutamate and dopamine
48
Schizophrenia treatment: dopamine antagonist
Lower dopamine levels in brain; helps reduce positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganization)
49
How is schizophrenia inherited
-genetic inheritability -environmental factors/ stressors that trigger it
50
diathesis stress model
predisposition for disorder remains unexpressed until triggered by external stressor (what flips the switch)
51
treatment for schizophrenia
-medication (often dopamine antagonist) but often delulu so they don't wanna take them -psychosocial treatment
52
Schizophrenia medication side effects
-strong sedative (low dopamine) -> loss of motivation and emotional expression -tardive dyskinesia: ticks/ unsual moter side effects
53
non psychotic disorders
have not lost contact with reality (no delusions/ hallucinations)
54
Diathesis- stress model
pre disposition-> environmental stressor triggers disorder development
55
Anxiety disorders (list)
ODC, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD
56
generalized anxiety disorder
-excessive and uncontrollable anxiety for extended period of time (6+ months) -symptoms: fatigue, sleep disturbance, restlessness, muscle tension, irritability, difficulty concentrating, on edge
57
OCD
Repetitive intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) to fend off those thoughts; interferes with functioning
58
ocd causes
learned through negative reinforcement of compulsions to cope with anxiety/ obsessions
59
ocd treatment
exposure therapy/ response prevention and medication
60
panic disorder
extreme form of anxiety (panic attacks); dysregulated breathing -> hyperventilation -> psychical response
61
agoraphobia
fear of panic attacks; often leads people to avoid public places (isolation)
62
PTSD
anxiety and trauma disorder; common among veterans and prisoners
63
PTSD: depersonalization and derealization
depersonalization: disconnected from self/ actions derealization: disconnected from reality (panic attack symptoms)
64
Cognitive therapy
involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others or the world
65
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies
66
Mood disorders
major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, suicide, etc
67
Comorbidity
co occurrence; mood disorders (ex depression) can overlap with anxiety disorders
68
Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder/ a Major depressive episode
depressed moods, profound state, extreme weight loss/gain, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation (speed up/ slow down), fatigue, feeling worthless, loss of energy, thoughts of death *symptoms persistent (over 2 weeks)
69
persistent depressive disorder/ dysthymia
"high functioning depression"; depression symptoms persistent but more low grade
70
Bipolar disorder
periods of major depression and periods of mania
71
bipolar disorder: manic episode
sense of grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, very talkative, psychomotor agitation, thoughts racing, easily distractible, hypersexuality, rash spending, impulsive decision making, impaired judgement, euphoria or agitation.
72
hypermania
sub level manic episode; symptoms to less extreme (many times people don't want to medicate for hypomania )
73
treatment for bipolar disorder
lithium or other mood stabilizing medication, family and social relationship work (aware those close to person), reality testing -> awareness of symptoms
74
cyclothymia
subset of bipolar; episodes consisting of hypomanic and non major depressive symptoms (higher functioning/ less extreme)
75
Bipolar 1
manic episodes and depressive episodes
76
Bipolar 2
hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes
77
mixed bipolar episode
mood switches quickly from mania to depression; moodnever normal *rapid cycling
78
Major Depressive disorder with psychotic features
hallucinations (ex. voices telling you to kill yourself) but NOT schizophrenia; when depression is treated voices will go away
79
Bipolar manic episode with psychotic features
delusions of grandeur (ex. thinking they are god or the president) but when bipolar disorder treated the delusions will go away
80
Causes of depression
-decently large genetic heritability/ biological component shown by MZ v. DZ twin studies -impacts neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine (biological infleucne) -twin studies also show environmental influence
81
Causes of Bipolar disorder
very strong genetic heritability (up there with autism) *twin studies: MZ twins with same intrauterine environment -> 72% both developed disorder
82
Causes of Schizophrenia
not very genetically based; more environmental development based
83
Treatment for depression
-medication (SSRI's, norepinephrine drugs, etc); comorbidity with anti anxiety treatment -Behavioral approach; increasing participation in rewarding activities -Cognitive-Behaviroal approach; mindset -> changes behavior -psychotherapy -Electroconvulsive therapy (intensive, last resort method)
84
what do anti anxiety medications do
impact GABA
85
what do anti psychotic drugs do
affect levels of dopamine (decrease) ex. lithium
86
what medications are used to treat bipolar disorder
mood stabilizers
87
Why is psychotherapy so impactful
-form relationship with therapist (warm,caring, safe) -value of confessions and not repressing thoughts/ emotions
88
2 main childhood disorders
autism and ADHD; wouldn't be diagnosed on adulthood unless showed signs in childhood
89
Autism
impaired language, social skills, and sometimes cognitive abilities; restrictive and repetitive behaviors; troubles with overstimulation and sensory stimulation; hyperaware of environment; often very niche restrictive interest; troubles with eye contact
90
Asperger's Syndrome
high functioning form of autism; high intelligence but impairment regarding social interaction; deficits in concepts such as theory of mind, sarcasm, etc
91
Autism treatment
Applied Behavioral Approach (ABA): 30-40 hrs per week (pref before age of 5) to correct social behaviour using operant conditioning (reward)
92
ADHD
pattern of impaired attention, concentration, hyperactivity, impulsivity and trouble managing impulsivity activity (basil ganglia firing)
93
ADHD treatment
-medication: stimulants such as adderall and ritalin calm down (under stimulated brain searching for stimulation -> hyper activity) -behavioral treatment: stop and think approaches, create organizational systems

Psych 202 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions