Exam 4 Flashcards
What is another name for a behavioral chain
Stimulus-response chain
What is task analysis?
Breakdown of a complex behavior into S-R components
How could you design a task analysis?
observe a person and record each component
ask an expert
perform the task yourself
What are the chaining procedures?
Forward chaining
Backward chaining
total task presentation
What is forward chaining?
First step is to teach the first S-R component and then reinforce it
next, 1st and 2nd component
What is backwards chaining?
teach last S-R component first, reinforce
then second last
always finish chain
Who is backwards chaining good for
early learners
What is total task presentation
entire S-R chain in each training trial
prompt throughout, reinforce at the end
What is graduated guidance
hand over hand prompting
fade to shadow prompt
Who are total task presentations better for
for less complex chains and higher-ability learners
What are some other ways to teach chains
Written task analysis: instruction booklet
Picture prompt: ikea instructions, exercises
Video modeling
Self-instructions: BEDMAS, grocery list
What is Functional Assessment of FBA?
Systematic method of assessment
obtaining information about why a person emits a problem behavior
trying to assess function of behavior
Why is functional assessment a behavior model
Acquisition and maintenance of behavior
3 term contingency A –> B–> C
What are the possible outcomes of bypassing FBA
inefficient and ineffective interventions
harmful outcomes
Default technologies
What information must we collect about antecedents?
Social or automatic via physical environment
What information is important to collect about the behavior
problem behavior: objective description, measurement
existing alternative behaviors?
What information is important to collect about consequences?
social or automatic
positive or negative reinforcement
what is maintaining the problem behavior?
covert/environment
What are the 4 functions of behavior?
Social positive reinforcement
Social negative reinforcement
Automatic positive reinforcement
Automatic negative reinforcement
What is social positive reinforcement
Mediated by others
positively reinforcing consequences
ex. attention/interaction, praise, activities, items
What is social negative reinforcement
Mediated by others
termination of aversive interaction, task, activity or events, items or other stimuli
What is automatic positive reinforcement
direct environmental contact
automatic consequence of behavior itself
sensory stimulation
ex. habits, stereotypy (rocking, spinning, vocalizations), self injurious behavior (SIB)
What is automatic negative reinforcement
Direct environmental contact
relief from stimulus or event
ex. pain, anxiety, environmental stimuli
What are the functional assessment methods?
Indirect methods
Direct observation methods
Experimental methods
What are indirect assessments
starting place
gather initial information
verbal report data
no observation required
interviews, checklists, rating scales
Subjective, self-bias