Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for a behavioral chain

A

Stimulus-response chain

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2
Q

What is task analysis?

A

Breakdown of a complex behavior into S-R components

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3
Q

How could you design a task analysis?

A

observe a person and record each component
ask an expert
perform the task yourself

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4
Q

What are the chaining procedures?

A

Forward chaining
Backward chaining
total task presentation

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5
Q

What is forward chaining?

A

First step is to teach the first S-R component and then reinforce it
next, 1st and 2nd component

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6
Q

What is backwards chaining?

A

teach last S-R component first, reinforce
then second last
always finish chain

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7
Q

Who is backwards chaining good for

A

early learners

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8
Q

What is total task presentation

A

entire S-R chain in each training trial
prompt throughout, reinforce at the end

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9
Q

What is graduated guidance

A

hand over hand prompting
fade to shadow prompt

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10
Q

Who are total task presentations better for

A

for less complex chains and higher-ability learners

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11
Q

What are some other ways to teach chains

A

Written task analysis: instruction booklet
Picture prompt: ikea instructions, exercises
Video modeling
Self-instructions: BEDMAS, grocery list

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12
Q

What is Functional Assessment of FBA?

A

Systematic method of assessment
obtaining information about why a person emits a problem behavior
trying to assess function of behavior

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13
Q

Why is functional assessment a behavior model

A

Acquisition and maintenance of behavior
3 term contingency A –> B–> C

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14
Q

What are the possible outcomes of bypassing FBA

A

inefficient and ineffective interventions
harmful outcomes
Default technologies

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15
Q

What information must we collect about antecedents?

A

Social or automatic via physical environment

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16
Q

What information is important to collect about the behavior

A

problem behavior: objective description, measurement
existing alternative behaviors?

17
Q

What information is important to collect about consequences?

A

social or automatic
positive or negative reinforcement
what is maintaining the problem behavior?
covert/environment

18
Q

What are the 4 functions of behavior?

A

Social positive reinforcement
Social negative reinforcement
Automatic positive reinforcement
Automatic negative reinforcement

19
Q

What is social positive reinforcement

A

Mediated by others
positively reinforcing consequences
ex. attention/interaction, praise, activities, items

20
Q

What is social negative reinforcement

A

Mediated by others
termination of aversive interaction, task, activity or events, items or other stimuli

21
Q

What is automatic positive reinforcement

A

direct environmental contact
automatic consequence of behavior itself
sensory stimulation
ex. habits, stereotypy (rocking, spinning, vocalizations), self injurious behavior (SIB)

22
Q

What is automatic negative reinforcement

A

Direct environmental contact
relief from stimulus or event
ex. pain, anxiety, environmental stimuli

23
Q

What are the functional assessment methods?

A

Indirect methods
Direct observation methods
Experimental methods

24
Q

What are indirect assessments

A

starting place
gather initial information
verbal report data
no observation required
interviews, checklists, rating scales
Subjective, self-bias

25
What are direct assessments?
Direct observations of behavior and variables find correlations
26
What is functional analysis?
Experimental manipulation - can turn behavior on or off identify function indirect assessments -> direct assessments -> functional analysis
27
What are function based treatments?
altering antecedent variables altering consequent variables teaching alternative behaviors
28
What are functional behavioral assessments?
gather information and formulate hypothesis through in/direct assessments then test hypothesis (functional analysis)
29
What are the advantages of indirect assessments?
convenient quick initial information -description of PB, description of A and C, plan for direct assessment, hypothesis
30
What are the limitations of indirect assessments?
No direct observations highly subjective - relies on memory, perceptions, poor accuracy no demonstration on function no empirical support poor reliability and validity
31
What are the steps and considerations when using extinction?
Collect data to assess treatment effects Identify the reinforcer for the problem behavior through functional assessment Eliminate the reinforcer after each instance of the problem behavior Reinforce alternative behaviors Promote generalization and maintenance
32
What does the success of an extinction procedure depend on?
if the particular reinforcer maintaining the problem behavior has been identified
33
What are the functional variations of extinction?
extinction following positive reinforcement: no longer gets positive reinforcer Extinction following negative reinforcement: no longer escapes from aversive stimulus, escape extinction
33
What questions must you ask before starting extinction procedure?
have you identified the reinforcer? can you eliminate the reinforcer? is extinction safe to use? can an extinction burst be tolerated? can consistency be maintained?
33
How do you promote generalization?
extinction must be implemented consistently by all change agents and in all circumstances in which behavior change is expected
34
How do you promote maintenance?
implement the extinction procedure after the initial suppression of the behavior whenever the problem behavior occurs again The consistent reinforcement of an alternative behavior that is functionally equivalent to the problem behavior
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