Exam 1 Flashcards
What is Edward Thorndike credited for?
Law of Effect: behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environment is more likely to be repeated in the future
What is John Watson’s deal
Started behaviorism
Stimulus-response psychology
What did Skinner do?
Operant conditioning - the consequences of behavior controls the future occurrence of the behavior
Radical Behaviorism
What did Pavlov do?
Conditioned reflex, respondent conditioning
What is behavior?
what people say and do
What our girl Marian Breland Bailey do?
Bridging Stimulus - stimulus used for immediate reinforcement
Betty Hart
the 30 million word gap - closing the gap between children raised by professional parents vs. welfare families
Samuel M Turner
Behavior modification as it applies to:
- treatment for vets with PTSD
- mental health in black communities
- anxiety in adults and children
Caroline Bori
Brazil psychologist, taught the first EAB course in Brazil
What are the dimensions of behavior?
Frequency, duration, latency, intensity
What are the characteristics of behavior?
- involves ones actions not labels
- involves measurable dimensions
- Can be observed, described and recorded
- impact on social or physical environment
- lawful and orderly (deterministic)
- overt or covert
What is an overt behavior?
A behavior that can observed and recorded by another person
What is a covert behavior?
a behavior that cannot observed or recorded by another person
What are the characteristics of behavior modification?
- focus on behavior
- guided by behaviorism
- based on basic behavioral principles
- emphasis on current environment
- Procedures are clearly described
- treatment implemented by people in everyday life
- measurement of behavior change
- de-emphasis on past as cause
- rejection of hypothetical underlying causes
What is a behavioral deficit?
a desirable target behavior the person wants to increase in frequency, duration or intensity
What is a behavioral excess?
an undesirable target behavior the person wants to decrease in frequency, duration or intensity
What are the 3 levels of understanding in science?
Description, prediction, control
What does the description level of understanding mean?
Observation - collection of facts about observed events
What does the prediction level of understanding mean?
Correlation - repeated observation that show 2 events covary
What does the control level of understanding mean?
Experimentation - demonstrating functional relationship
What is a functional relationship?
A change in one event (DV)
- reliably produced by manipulation of another
- can manipulate things and duplicate
- no extraneous variables
What are the attitudes of science?
-Determinism: lawful and orderly
-Empiricism: objective observation and measurement
-Experimentation: controlled comparison, functional analysis
-Replication: repeat experiments
-Parsimony: simple and logical
-Philosophic Doubt: continually questioning
What are the defining characteristics of applied behavior analysis?
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Generality
Effective
Technological
Analytic
Conceptually systematic
Applied
Behavioral
What is the definition of applied behavior analysis?
the science of behavior of organisms
- natural, not social, science
- environment and how it affects behavior
- the science in which tactics derived from the principles applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change
