Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is punishment?

A

the occurrence of a behavior
followed by immediate consequence
behavior is less likely to occur in future

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2
Q

What are the types of punishment

A

Positive and negative
both weaken behavior

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3
Q

what is positive punishment?

A

occurrence of behavior
followed by the addition of an aversive stimulus
behavior is less likely to occur in the future

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4
Q

what is negative punishment

A

occurrence of behavior
followed by the removal of a reinforcing stimulus
behavior is less likely to occur in the future

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5
Q

what is a punisher?

A

consequence (stimuli or event)
immediately follow behavior and weaken that behavior in future
aversive stimuli

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6
Q

What is an unconditioned punisher?

A

Biological importance, no conditioning to be effective

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7
Q

What is a conditioned punisher?

A

neutral stimulus paired with established punisher

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8
Q

What are the factors that influence punishment?

A

immediacy
contingency
individual differences
magnitude or amount
motivating operations

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9
Q

What is motivating operations?

A

alter potency or value of punisher
alter occurrence of behavior

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10
Q

What is an EO

A

makes punisher more effective
more likely to inhibit behavior

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11
Q

what is AO

A

makes punisher less effective
less likely to inhibit behavior

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12
Q

What are some potential problems with punishment?

A

Aggression/emotional side effects
escape or avoidance behaviors
Negative reinforcement for person punishing
modeling use of punishment
ethical issues

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13
Q

What are the ABCs of operant behavior?

A

antecedent –> behavior –> consequence
three term contingency

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14
Q

What is the discriminative stimulus

A

S^D
antecedent that is present when the behavior is reinforced
S^D –> Behavior –> S^R

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15
Q

what is S^delta?

A

Antecedent that is present when the behavior is not reinforced
distractor
S^delta –> Behavior –> EXT

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16
Q

What is stimulus control

A

outcome of stimulus discrimination training
behavior is more likely in presence of S^D
S^D exerts stimulus control over behavior, evokes the behavior

17
Q

What are the two effect of MOs?

A

value altering effect
behavior altering effect

18
Q

what is the antecedents effects?

A

alter the current probability of behavior
evoke or abate behavior momentarily

19
Q

What is the consequence effects?

A

alter the future probability of behavior
strengthen or weaken behavior in the long term

20
Q

What is the outcome of discrimination training

A

stimulus control

21
Q

what is stimulus generalization?

A

when a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the S^D

22
Q

what is Stimulus equivalence

A

identify object by picture and word, emerged paths are untrained

23
Q

What is transitivity?

A

untrained but still learned how to connect word to picture

24
Q

What is the difference between respondent and operant conditioning?

A

Respondent - controlled by antecedents, no consequences involved. Elicit
Operant - controlled by consequences, antecedents also involved. Evoke

25
What is an unconditioned response?
occurs without any conditioning or learning has survival value elicited by an unconditioned stimulus
26
US, UR, NS, CS, CR
unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response neutral stimulus conditioned stimulus conditioned response
27
what is respondent extinction?
present the CS repeatedly without the US (unpairing) Neutral stimulus presented multiple times without pairing, no longer conditioned response
28
What is respondent spontaneous recovery
follows respondent extinction CS may once again elicit a CR
29
What is discriminated Respondent behavior
a single CS or narrow range of CSs elicit a CR
30
What is generalized respondent behavior
many similar CSs elicit a CR
31
What is Shaping?
differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a behavior until the person exhibit the behavior
32
What does differential reinforcement in shaping mean
reinforcement and extinction one behavior is reinforced, all others not reinforced (EXT)
33
What does successive approximations in shaping mean
shaping steps begins with the starting behavior
34
What do you do when current criterion is mastered during shaping?
begin reinforcing a better behavior criterion stop reinforcing last criterion continue closer approximations to target behavior making it harder until you get to target behavior
35
What is shaping used for?
new topographies of behavior new dimensions of behavior reinstate behavior may occur unintentionally
36
When is shaping not appropriate
if more efficient strategies evoke the behavior
37
What are the shaping guidelines?
define target behavior determine if shaping is most approp. identify the starting behavior choose shaping steps choose reinforcer differentially reinforce each successive approximation move through the shaping steps at a proper pace