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Animal Nutrition > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain 1 difference between forages and concentrates.

A

Forages are higher in fiber

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2
Q

Write 1 example of an energy concentrate

A

Corn

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3
Q

What is the most commonly used grain in livestock operations?

A

Corn

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4
Q

Write 1 example of a protein concentrate.

A

Soybean meal

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5
Q

Define the term “meal” in the context of livestock feeds.

A

What’s left after oil extraction.

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6
Q

What is the most common protein source fed to pigs, chickens, and ruminants?

A

Soybean meal

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7
Q

Write 1 example of a non-protein nitrogen source for rumen microbes

A

Urea

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8
Q

Write 1 example of a lipid supplement.

A

Sunflower oil

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9
Q

What important mineral can be found in limestone?

A

Calcium

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10
Q

What is the most popular phosphorus supplement in livestock diets ?

A

Dicalcium phosphate

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11
Q

Write 1 example of a magnesium supplement

A

Magnesium oxide

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12
Q

What are 2 categories of forages?

A

Grasses
Legumes

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13
Q

Name 1 example of a popular legume in animal agriculture.

A

Alfalfa

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14
Q

Write 1 example of a cool season grass

A

Wheat

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15
Q

Write 1 example of a warm season grass

A

Bermuda

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16
Q

What is haygrazer grass?

A

Hybrid annual grass

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17
Q

What type of feed isproduced from an aerobic process?

A

Silage

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18
Q

Describe why diet selection by sheep is similar to cattle

A

Both are grazers

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19
Q

Name 2 critical periods of sheep production that require energy supplementation.

A

Late gestation and early lactation

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20
Q

In the context of sheep nutrition, define the term “flushing”

A

Add body condition score by feeding energy

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21
Q

What is the purpose of “flushing” sheep?

A

To increase pregnancy rates

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22
Q

How is “flushing” usually accomplished?

A

Feeding 1 pound of grain per day

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23
Q

What can sheep managers do to prevent grass tetany?

A

Give Epsom salt

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24
Q

Describe why diet selection by goats is similar to deer.

A

Both are browsers

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25
Q

If pasture conditions are poor for goat nutrition, what should the goat manager give to their animals?

A

Hay or silage

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26
Q

Name 2 critical periods of goat production that have high energy requirements.

A

Late gestation and early lactation

27
Q

How can urinary calculi be prevented by nutrition management in goats and sheep?

A

Give 3:1 calcium to phosphorus ratio.

28
Q

What gives ruminant animals like cattle the ability to digest cellulose in forages?

A

Rumen microbes

29
Q

Why is it ideal to maximize grass consumption in cattle nutrition?

A

Cheaper to feed grass

30
Q

Name 2 vitamins that do not need to be included in ruminant animal diets

A

B and K

31
Q

When should newborn calves consume colostrum?

A

Asap

32
Q

Name the high-quality protein found in milk

A

Casein

33
Q

What is creep feeding?

A

Process of giving dry feed to nursing calves without giving access to mother

34
Q

In the stocker phase, where does most of the calf’s diet come from?

A

Forage

35
Q

Name 1 nutritional disorder that is common in stocker phase.

A

Grass tetany

36
Q

What type of diets are used in feedlot phase of beef production?

A

High concentrate

37
Q

What is the primary nutritional disorder in feedlots?

A

Acidosis

38
Q

How can acidosis be prevented?

A

Feeding startup diets.

39
Q

Why is it important to provide limestone to dairy cattle?

A

Source of calcium

40
Q

How do dairy calves in small hutches typically receive their nutrients?

A

Bottle fed

41
Q

What is a total mixed ration?

A

Mix of forages and concentrates

42
Q

Write 1 benefit of feeding a total mixed ration

A

Prevents sorting

43
Q

How does the modern method of feeding dairy cows differ from the traditional method?

A

Modern uses TMR
Traditional involves pasture

44
Q

What gives horses the ability to digest forages on pasture?

A

Microbes in cecum and colon

45
Q

Describe the eating behavior of horses.

A

Continuous feeders, small meals throughout day.

46
Q

Write 1 reason why horses may eat their own feces.

A

Nutritionally deprived

47
Q

From a nutrition standpoint, what is the primary cause of colic in horses?

A

Overfeeding grain in a single meal

48
Q

Write 1 factor that can cause impaction in horses.

A

Low water intake

49
Q

Describe the mechanism of how laminitis develops in horses.

A

Microbes that survive low ph produce endotoxin that gets absorbed and flows into hooves. They cut off blood supply to hooves and leads to tissue damage in hooves.

50
Q

How can colic and laminitis be prevented?

A

Limiting intake of grain to 0.5% of body weight per meal

51
Q

Is it a good idea to feed horses by volume with a coffee can without weighing?

A

No

52
Q

Why is it a good idea to feed horses forage prior to feeding grain?

A

Forage will slow down rate of passage and prevent starch from reaching hindgut too quickly

53
Q

What is a common cause of vitamin toxicity in horses?

A

Overfeeding commercial grain mix

54
Q

Can pigs and chickens be fed the same type of diets as grazing ruminant animals?

A

No

55
Q

What are the 2 main ingredients in swine and poultry diets?

A

Corn and soybean meal

56
Q

How are energy requirements expressed for pigs?

A

Metabolizable energy basis

57
Q

What effect will increasing the diet’s energy density have on a pigs feed intake?

A

Decrease

58
Q

What is the most limiting amino acid for pigs?

A

Lysine

59
Q

What feed ingredient can replace some of the soybean meal in pig diets?

A

Crystalline lysine

60
Q

What form of phosphorus is unavailable without a commercial enzyme?

A

Phytate

61
Q

List 2 amino acids that are considered essential in poultry only.

A

Glycine and proline

62
Q

What is the recommended calcium to phosphorus ratio for broiler chickens?

A

2:1

63
Q

What is the recommended calcium to phosphorus ratio for layer chickens?

A

13:1

Animal Nutrition (4 decks)

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