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Pharmacology-NRSE-3010-001 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What disorder may occur in children who have a viral illness (flu, chicken pox) and take aspirin? What may occur as a result of this condition?

A

Reye Syndrome
swelling of brain and liver, vomiting, confusion, seizures, coma and death

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2
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of aspirin?

A

reduce fever/inflammation, relieve pain, prevent platelet aggregation, and prophylactic usage (81 mg of baby aspirin)

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3
Q

What are symptoms of salicylism (aspirin toxicity)?

A

tinnitus, dizziness, sweating, fever

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4
Q

What are the effects of ibuprofen?

A

GI injury, hepatotoxicity/nephrotoxicity
N/V, prolonged bleeding

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5
Q

What drug class are naloxone and naltrexone?

A

opioid antagonists

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6
Q

What adverse effects may occur with naloxone?

A

withdrawal symptoms (pain comes back full force), drowsiness, decreased respirations

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7
Q

What are the indications for fentanyl (opioid analgesic)?

A

surgical analgesia, chronic pain control, and
control of breakthrough pain

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8
Q

What are the indications for naloxone?

A

harmful respiratory depression, unconsciousness from opioid analgesics

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9
Q

What medications are 1st line effective in acute migraines?

A

triptans

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10
Q

What medication helps treat migraines by constricting blood vessels and
suppressing inflammation?

A

triptans

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11
Q

When should triptans first be taken?

A

when migraine is first sense (many patients know when a migraine is approaching)

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12
Q

When can the second dose of a triptan be taken?

A

2hrs after first dose, if symptoms have persisted

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13
Q

After taking a triptan medication for migraine, what should the patient do?

A

lie down in dark, quiet room

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14
Q

What is the overdose treatment for acetaminophen?

A

-Administer oral or IV acetylcysteine
within 8 hours of ingestion
-Gastric lavage within 4 hrs
of ingestion

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15
Q

What is the max daily dose of acetaminophen for an individual with a healthy liver?

A

4g

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16
Q

What is the max daily dose of Tylenol per day for individuals who have 3 or more alcoholic drinks?

A

2g/day

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17
Q

What medication can be used to treat diabetic gastroparesis, nausea, and vomiting by increasing the rate of gastric emptying?

A

metoclopramide

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18
Q

How does metoclopramide have an antiemetic (cancels nausea/vomiting) effect?

A

blocks dopamine receptors

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19
Q

What are the indications for psyllium husk (bulk forming laxative)?

A

diarrhea in pt w/diverticulosis or IBS, control stool in those w/ ileostomy/colostomy, and to promote defecation in older adults

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20
Q

What education should be provided to those taking psyllium husk?

A

high fiber diet, 2-3L/day, and exercise

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21
Q

Who should avoid psyllium husk? Why?

A

pt w/history of difficulty swallowing due to the risk for an esophageal obstruction

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22
Q

What kind of drugs are hydroxyzine, scopolamine, and dramamine?

A

antihistamines/anticholinergics

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23
Q

What are possible effects of antihistamines?

A

can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t poop
sedation, dizziness, fatigue

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24
Q

What are antihistamine drugs contraindicated?

A

pt w/BPH due to the risk of urinary retention

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25
Q

What patient teaching should be provided with scopolamine?

A

place patch behind ear 4hr before motion-sickness inducing activity, can leave for up to 3 days

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26
Q

What general patient education should be provided for antihistamine drugs?

A

eye drops, hard candy, fluid, fiber, and exercise, hydrate, avoid being in intense sun/heat (they arent sweating)

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27
Q

What kind of medications are bisacodyl, castor oil, and senna?

A

stimulant laxatives

28
Q

When are laxatives contraindicated?

A

bowel obstruction

29
Q

What is an expected side effect of senna, a stimulant laxative?

A

reddish/brown urine

30
Q

When should stimulant laxatives be taken?

A

at bedtime

31
Q

What kind of laxative is docusate sodium?

A

surfactant laxative (stool softener)

32
Q

How does docusate sodium (surfactant laxative/stool softener) work?

A

increased the amount of water the stool absorbs in the intestines, making it softer/easier to pass

33
Q

What are examples of osmotic laxatives?

A

miralax (polyethylene glycol)
golytely (polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution)
and lactulose

34
Q

What are potential complications for saline or osmotic laxatives (miralax, golytely, lactulose, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium citrate)?

A

dehydration, hypermagnesemia, and sodium retention

35
Q

What kind of laxatives are magnesium hydroxide and magnesium citrate?

A

saline laxatives

36
Q

True or false: Bowel movements must occur daily.

A

false

37
Q

What is generic name for Phenergan?

A

promethazine

38
Q

What are the indications for promethazine?

A

N/V, need for sedation,

39
Q

What is the indication for sucralfate?

A

GI ulcers

40
Q

How does sucralfate work?

A

protecting the ulcer by coating the ulcer

41
Q

What would indicate sucralfate is effective?

A

reduced pain

42
Q

When is misoprostol used?

A

treatment of NSAID-induced ulcer

43
Q

What pregnancy category is misoprostol?

A

Category X

44
Q

What is the primary contraindication of misoprostol?

A

pregnancy

45
Q

How does misoprostol treat GI ulcers?

A

increases mucin release, reducing acid secretion
-protects lining, repairs ulcer

46
Q

What type of drug is famotidine (pepcid) and cimetidine?

A

H2 Receptor Blocker

47
Q

What drug interaction may occur with cimetidine or famotidine (H2 Receptor antagonists)?

A

decreases the effectiveness of warfarin, by reducing metabolism

48
Q

How are proton pump inhibitors recognized?

A

-prazole
omeprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole

49
Q

When are proton pump inhibitors used?

A

ulcers, erosive esophagitis, reflux

50
Q

How do PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) work?

A

reducing acid secretion

51
Q

What are some potential short term effects of omeprazole?

A

headache, diarrhea, n/v

52
Q

What are potential effects with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (-prazole)?

A

osteoporosis & fractures, rebound acid hypersecretion, hepatotoxicity, pneumonia, hypomagnesemia

53
Q

What effects may occur with bethanechol chloride (urinary stimulant)?

A

SLUDGES, overdose

54
Q

What medication is often used to decrease urinary incontinence in those with OAB (overactive bladder)?

A

oxybutnin

55
Q

What medication may be prescribed to combat pain, burning or discomfort related to UTI?

A

phenazopyridine

56
Q

What reactions may occur with phenazopyridine?

A

hepatitis, acute renal failure, and hemolytic anemia (very low RBC)

57
Q
A
58
Q

Because it depresses the CNS, what precautions should those taking promethazine be placed on?

A

fall precautions

59
Q

What medications should not used while taking potassium chloride supplements?

A

ACE inhibitors (-pril) and K+Sparing Diuretics (spironolactone)

60
Q

What would sumatriptan be prescribed for?

A

abort a migraine

61
Q

What medication does APAP refer to?

A

acetaminophen

62
Q

What should be administered for pts with a RR <10 who are taking an opioid?

A

naloxone

63
Q

Why would docusate be prescribed for someone taking an opioid?

A

to prevent constipation

64
Q

What may someone who has an opioid tolerance require?

A

increase dose

65
Q

What may ketorolac (NSAID)cause?

A

Kidney damage

Pharmacology-NRSE-3010-001 (12 decks)

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