Exam 4 Flashcards
cranial n. I
olfactory n
cranial n. I innervation
SENSORY from olfactory epithelium
cranial n. I passes through….
cribriform plate
cranial n. I test for
Smell test, cotton ball with alcohol
cranial n. II
optic n.
cranial n. II innervation
SENSORY from retina
cranial n. II passes through the…
optic canal
cranial n. II test for
menace response; obstacle course, quietly roll a ball across visual field, pupillary light reflex
cranial n. III
oculomotor n.
cranial n. III innervation
movement of the eye
parasympathetic: constriction of the pupil
cranial n. III passes through…
orbital fissure
cranial n. III test for
dorsal, ventral, and medial movement of the pupil in the head (tracking)
cranial n. IV
trochlear n
cranial n. IV innervation
MOTOR; movement of eye socket
cranial n. IV passes through…
orbital fissure
cranial n. IV test for
eye movement in socket
cranial n. V
trigeminal n.
ophthalmic br.
maxillary br.
mandibular br.
ophthalmic br. innervation
SENSORY from eyelids, cornea, caudal nasal cavity
ophthalmic br. passes through…
orbital fissure
ophthalmic br. test for
touching cornea to blink
maxillary br. innervation
SENSORY from the upper lip, nasal mucosa, lateral aspect of palpebrae
mandibular br. innervation
SENSORY from lower jaw, tongue, and auriculotemporal area and motor to muscles of mastication
mandibular br. test for
sensation to lower jaw/lip or auriculotemporal area, look for neurogenic atrophy to muscles of mastication
mandibular br. passes through…
oval foramen
maxillary br. passes through…
round foramen and rostral alar foramen
maxillary br. test for
palpebral reflex, lateral canthus; test sensation to upper lip/nasal mucosa
cranial n. VI
abducens
cranial n. VI innervation
MOTOR to retractor bulbi m. and lateral rectus m.
cranial n. VI passes through…
orbital fissure
cranial n. VI test for
lateral movement of the eye in the head for medial strabismus in a lesioned animal
cranial n. VII
facial n.
cranial n. VII innervation
MOTOR to muscles of facial expression
SENSORY from the rostral 2/3 of the tongue
PARASYMPATHETIC to salivary and lacrimal gl
cranial n. VII passes through…
stylomastoid foramen and internal acoustic meatus
cranial n. VIII
vestibulocochlear
cranial n. VIII innervation
SENSORY for hearing and balance
cranial n. VIII passes through…
internal acoustic meatus
cranial n. VIII test for
hearing, clapping
cranial n. VII test for
facial symmetry
cranial n. IX
glossopharyngeal
cranial n. IX innervation
SENSORY from the tongue and pharyngeal mucosa
MOTOR to the pharynx
PARASYMPATHETIC to parotid and mucosal gl.
cranial n. IX passes through…
jugular foramen and tympanooccipital fissure
cranial n. IX test for
gag reflex, swallowing
cranial n. X
vagus n.
cranial n. X innervation
Some MOTOR to larynx, pharynx and esophagus
SENSORY to ear canal and epiglottis
PARASYMPATHETIC to parotid and mucosal gl.
cranial n. X passes through…
jugular foramen and tympanooccipital fissure
cranial n. X test for
increased heart rate, decreased gut sounds
cranial n. XI
spinal accessory
cranial n. XI innervation
MOTOR to trapezius, omotransversarius, sternocephalicus and cleidocephalicus
MOTOR to larynx
cranial n. XI passes through…
jugular foramen and tympanooccipital fissure
cranial n. XI test for
neurogenic atrophy of these muscles with a lesion
cranial n. XII
hypoglossal n.
cranial n. XII innervation
MOTOR to extrinsic and intrinsic mm. of the tongue
cranial n. XII passes through…
hypoglossal canal
cranial n. XII test for
tongue tone, tongue neurogenic atrophy, pull on tongue
central nervous system
brain+spinal cord
contains neurons and axons that carry information beyond the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
axons bound together with connective tissue
nerves; clusters of nerves (ganglia)
cerebrum
area of conscious thought, divided into the cerebra hemispheres
gyri
protrusions
sulci
indentations
cerebellum
area of unconscious motor control; separated from the cerebrum by the transverse fissure
brain stem
sits at the base of the brain, carries information to and from the spinal cord
pia mater
thin layer of CT intimately attached to the brain
dura mater
“tough” mother, thick CT capsule to the brain; may separate into inner and outer layers
arachnoid
“spider-like” between the pia and dura; web like layer filled with CSF
epidural space
space between the bony structures and dural mater
cisterna magna
where the CSF can easily be accessed
lumbar cistern
used to collect CSF in large animals
ventricles
where CSF occupies cavities within the nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord
afferent information
toward the spinal cord
efferent information
away from the spinal cord
the meninge that is most closely associated with the brain tissue
pia layer
the cerebrum is divided into two halves by the ___
longitudinal fissure
the area of the brain responsible for unconscious motor control
cerebellum
which cranial n. is responsible for balance and hearing?
VIII
which cranial n. is tested by observing the movement of the eye within the socket?
III
the long spiraling folds of the body of the simple stomach are called ___
rugae
the serous membrane that lines the organs within the abdominal cavity is the ____
visceral peritoneum
the glandular part of the bovine stomach is the ___
abomasum
the cardiac opening of the stomach of the horse is located in the _____ side of the stomach
non glandular
organs are suspended from the dorsal body wall by the ____
mesentery
the rumen of the cow takes up the majority of the ____ side of the abdomen
left
the largest compartment of the compound stomach that has various grooves and sacs is the _____
rumen
what is the longest section of the canine small intestine?
jejunum
the ascending colon is located to the ___ of the root of the mesentery
right
in the equine large intestine, the cecum attaches to the ___ colon at the cecocolic fold
right ventral
the equine ascending colon’s left dorsal colon is followed aborally by the ___
diaphragmatic flexure
in the equine ascending colon, the sternal flexure is followed aborally by the ___ colon
left ventral colon
the bovine ascending colon that passes left to right, terminating at the transverse colon is the ___
distal loop
the bovine ascending colon that extends from he right to the left side of the abdomen is the ____
proximal loop
equine ascending colon pathway
right ventral colon–>sternal flexure–>left ventral colon–>pelvic flexure–> left dorsal colon–>diaphragmic flexure–> R dorsal colon
the ileum opens into the cecum of the horse via the _____
ileocecal opening
the cecum attaches to the ileum via the ilocecal fold and to the ascending colon via the ____
cecocolic fold
what are common sites for colic in the large intestine
cecocolic opening
pelvic flexure
transition from R dorsal colon to transverse colon
the species with fused cortex and medulla of the kidney are:
dogs, horses and small ruminants
the ___ is located at the cranial pole of each kidney
adrenal gland
extensions of the renal pelvis to both ends of the kidneys, where urine is collected in addition to the renal crest, are called ___
terminal recesses
which of the following species has a kidney composed of unfused cortex and unfused medulla
bovine
the ___ has both the cortex and medulla fused, and there is a renal crest and terminal recesses
horse
in a species like the ram, the ____ is a modified end of the urethra, which can make it very difficult to catheterize that animal
urethral process
the layer of serous membrane directly applied to the testis is the _____ vaginal tunic
visceral
which type of penis has an associated retractor penis muscle?
fibroelastic
in the cow, the ____ is located on the floor of the vestibule and is a small blind sac sharing the same opening as the external urethral orifice
suburethral diverticulum
the mesometrium suspends the _____
uterus
the cremaster muscle is a caudal extension of the ___ muscle
internal abdominal oblique
pituitary gland
located at the base of the brain
responsible for the production/release of regulatory hormones
olfactory bulb
extension of the olfactory n., carrying out information about smell
thalamus
round structure
major relay center of the brain, transmitting information to and from the cerebrum
hypothalamus
major center for directing the autonomic nervous system
pons
bulged area on the ventrum of the brain stem; relay center for motor functions
medulla
the part of the brainstem that is continuous with the spinal cord
