Exam 2- Large animal Flashcards
True or false: The bovine lack a tuber sacrale
false
the weight bearing digits of the horse is/are numbered
III
what is the anatomical name for the fetlock?
metatarsophalangeal joint
the splint bones of the horse are numbered:
II and IV
the trochlea of the femur is located on the ___ side
cranial
True or false: the fibula is located on the lateral side
true
the ischiatic tuberosity is seen as ____ protuberances
caudal
the tuber coxae of the os coxae is located on the ___ surface
lateral
the ischiadic tuberosity of the os coxae is located on the ___ surface
caudal
in the bovine the metatarsal bones that are fused are the ___ metatarsal bones
III and IV
the weight bearing digits of the bovine are numbered:
III and IV
what is the anatomical name for the cannon bone in the horse?
metatarsal bone III
the head of the femur is located on the ____ side
medial
the tuber sacral of the os coxa is located on the ___ surface
medial
the tuber sacrale can be seen making contact with the sacrum on the ____ side
medial
the calcaneus bone is located on the ___ side of the caudal surface of the caudal surface of the tarsus
lateral
in the bovine, the MT bones that are fused are the ______ metatarsal bones
third and fourth
the tibial nerve bifurcates just proximal to the tarsus into the ___ nerves
medial and lateral plantar
the lateral plantar nerve travels down the pet to become the ___nerve(s)
lateral plantar digital
the medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves arise proximally from the deep branch of the ____ nerve
lateral plantar
Identify the nerve that provides cutaneous distribution to the dorsal metatarsus
medial and lateral dorsal metatarsal
identify the nerve(s) that provide cutaneous distribution to dorsal digit
medial and lateral dorsal branches of the digital nerves
the common fibular nerve bifurcates into the _____ nerves
superficial and deep fibular
the medial plantar nerve travels down the pet to become the ____ nerve(s)
medial plantar digital
the medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves arise proximally from the deep branch of the ____ nerve
lateral plantar
the medial and lateral dorsal metatarsal nerves arise from the ___ nerve
deep fibular
identify the nerve that provides cutaneous distribution to the plantar metatarsus
medial and lateral plantar metatarsal
in the equine, the popliteal artery arises proximally, directly from the _____ artery
femoral
the dorsal pedal a. continues on the craniolateral aspect of the metatarsus as the _____
great metatarsal a.
in the equine, the major blood supply to the foot (pet) is the ___ artery
great metatarsal
the great metatarsal artery bifurcates into the ___ arteries
medial and lateral digital
the great metatarsal artery is located on the ___ side of the pes
lateral
in the equine, as the cranial artery passes dorsally over the tarsus, the name changes to ____ artery
dorsal pedal
instead of separate superficial gluteal and biceps femoris muscles, the bovine has a _____ muscle
gluteobiceps
what muscle is absent in the equine hindlimb?
fibulas/peroneus longus m.
the most cranial palpable muscle of the equine pelvic limb is the _____ muscle
long digital extensor
deep to the cunean tendon of the horse is the ____
cunean bursa
what muscle attaches to the tibial tuberosity
cranial tibial
the function of the reciprocal apparatus is to make sure that the _____ and ____ flex at the same time
stifle and hock
the most cranial palpable muscle of the bovine pelvic limb is the ___ muscle
fibulas tertius
horses have ____ patellar ligaments/tendons
3
the ____ blends with the fibers of the medial meniscus of the stifle
medial collateral ligament
actions of the long digital extensor muscle in the horse
flex hock, extend digit, fix stifle in the stay apparatus
the fibularis tertius of the horse originates from the ___ of the femur
extensor fossa
together, the ___ and ___ muscles form the reciprocal apparatus
fibulas tertius and superficial digital flexor
the ligament that attaches at the cranial aspect of the tibia of the stifle and keeps the tibia from moving cranial with respect to the femur is the _____
cranial cruciate ligament
the sensitive lamina is the ____
laminar dermis
the coronary epidermis produces the _______
stratum medium
what is the concave, bottom part of the foot facing the ground, spanning between the frog and the wall
sole
the white line on the bottom of the hoof indicates there the ____ interdigitated with the stratum internum of the hoof wall
laminar corium/dermis
what is the most cranial palpable muscle of the crus?
long digital extensor
what makes the equine sartorius m. different?
it only has one head
long digital extensor m. attachments
extensor fossa of the femur, extensor process of P3, and dorsal proximal surface of P1 and P2
long digital extensor m. action
extend digit, flex hock, fix stifle in stay apparatus
cranial tibial m. attachments
just deep to long digital extensor m.
lateral tibial condyle, tibial tuberosity, proximal MT
cranial tibial m. action
flex the hock
fibularis tertius m. attachments
behaves more like a tendon, very little muscle on the surface
extensor fossa of the femur, proximal MT III, calcaneus
fibularis tertius m. action
as part of the reciprocal apparatus, it flexes the hock when the stifle joint is flexed
lateral digital extensor m. attachments
a bit more substantial than in small animal
lateral collateral ligament, fibula, lateral tibia, interosseus ligament, joins with long digital extensor
lateral digital extensor m. action
assists long digital extensor in flexing hock and extending digit
gastrocnemius m. attachments
medial and lateral supracondyloid tuberosity
gastrocnemius m. action
extend the hock and flex the surface
superficial digital flexor m. attachments
suprachondyloid fossa of the femur, calcanea tuber, P1 and P2 of digits
superficial digital flexor m. action
flex digit, extend hock
reciprocal apparatus
relationship between the stifle and the hock
the fibularis tertius and the superficial digital flexor form the reciprocal apparatus
patellar ligament
horses have 3 total ligaments/tendons
cruciate ligaments
2 ligaments one on cranial surface and one on caudal surface
cranial cruciate
most commonly ruptured, keeps tibia in place
caudal cruciate
less involved in injury
menisci
fibrocartilaginous discs that form a saucer in which condyles of the femur articulate
the medial meniscus is frequently damaged at the same time as cranial cruciate ligament
collateral ligaments
stabilize the joint from horizontal movement
