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Domestic Animal Anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

frontal plane

A

separates dorsal and ventral

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2
Q

transverse plane

A

“cross-section”, cutting all the way across

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3
Q

median plane

A

mirror-reflected parts; left and right

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4
Q

axial skeleton

A

vertebral column, skull, ribs, sternum

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5
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

thoracic (front) and pelvic (hind) limbs

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6
Q

visceral skeleton

A

cartilaginous or skeletal structures to support organs like the heart, especially in large animals

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7
Q

rostral (head)

A

towards the nose

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8
Q

caudal (head)

A

towards the head

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9
Q

dorsal

A

towards the back

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10
Q

ventral

A

towards the belly

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11
Q

cranial

A

towards the head

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12
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail

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13
Q

dorsal (limbs)

A

front of the limb

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14
Q

palmar (limbs)

A

back of the limb on forelimbs

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15
Q

plantar (limbs)

A

back of the limb on pelvic limbs

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16
Q

distal

A

away from the trunk

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17
Q

proximal

A

towards the trunk

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18
Q

medial

A

closer to the center plane/mid-line

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19
Q

lateral

A

away from the center plane/mid-line

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20
Q

superficial

A

towards the surface of the skin

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21
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the skin

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22
Q

sagittal section/plane

A

parallel to but slightly off mid line to a median section

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23
Q

brachium

A

the area between the shoulder and elbow joints

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24
Q

antebrachium

A

the area between the elbow and carpus

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25
Q

manus

A

includes the bones of the carpus and distal bones

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26
Q

the elbow is _____ to the carpus

A

proximal

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27
Q

the belly is _____

A

ventral

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28
Q

on the head, the nose is ____ to the ears

A

rostral

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29
Q

________is towards the surface of the skin

A

superficial

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30
Q

The surface of the thoracic limb that is located closer to the center plane/mid line of an animal is the ____ surface

A

medial

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31
Q

the surface of the manus that contact the ground is the _____ surface

A

palmar

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32
Q

a sectioning of an animal that results in a mirror image of two sides is a _____ plane

A

median

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33
Q

the plane that is present between the dorsal and ventral aspects of the animal is the ____ section

A

frontal

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34
Q

the manus is the _____

A

the bones of the carpus and distal bones (bones of the “hand” and digits)

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35
Q

each digit has ____ phalanges

A

three

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36
Q

The bones of the ________make up the manus

A

carpus, metacarpal bones, and phalanges

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37
Q

Identify the action: movement of the limb toward the body/midline

A

adduction

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38
Q

the flexor surface of the elbow is the ___ surface

A

cranial

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39
Q

the hole at the distal end of the canine humerus is called the

A

supratrochlear foramen

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40
Q

lateral rotation of the paw so that the palmar aspect points dorsally is called _____

A

supination

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41
Q

the flexor surface of the carpus is the ____ aspect of the carpus

A

palmar

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42
Q

the flexor surface of the carpus is the ____ aspect of the carpus

A

palmar

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43
Q

medial rotation of the paw so that the palmar aspect of the paw points downward (ventrally) or backward (caudally) is called

A

pronation

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44
Q

a major difference of the equine humerus is the presence of the ____

A

intermediate tubercle

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45
Q

when comparing our large animal species to the cat/dog, one way to accommodate more weight is to straighten the limb by _______

A

lengthening the distal part of the limb

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46
Q

the species that has one digit is the ____

A

equine

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47
Q

the lateral splint bone of an equine is also referred to as the _____

A

metacarpal bone IV

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48
Q

which digits do/does the cow have?

A

3rd and 4th

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49
Q

the middle phalanx is _____ to the metacarpophalangeal joint

A

distal

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50
Q

which species lacks an acromial process of the scapula?

A

horse

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51
Q

the deep digital flexor muscle has what action on the carpus?

A

flex

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52
Q

a connective tissue structure that attaches bone to bone is a _____

A

ligament

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53
Q

the dorsal connective tissue septum between the right and left halves of the body is the ____

A

median raphe

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54
Q

the “muscular joint” that attaches the thoracic limb to the trunk is called a/an

A

synsarcosis

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55
Q

A muscle that adducts the thoracic limb

A

deep pectoral

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56
Q

the muscle that attaches to the tuber olecranon is the ______

A

triceps brachii

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57
Q

a function of the common digital extensor is to

A

extend the carpus and digits

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58
Q

the main blood supply to the entire forelimb/thoracic limb is the _____ artery

A

axillary

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59
Q

the brachial artery of the ____ passes through the suprachondylar foramen as it travels distally down the brachium

A

feline

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60
Q

the vein that travels down the dorsal manus, which is the dorsal branch of the major vein of the thoracic limb is the ________

A

accessory cephalic

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61
Q

the ______ artery branches off the axillary artery and supplies the shoulder region

A

sub scapular

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62
Q

the teres major and teres minor muscles are innervated by the _____ nerve

A

axillary

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63
Q

the radial nerve innervates the ______ muscle

A

common digital extensor

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64
Q

the nerve that innervates the flexors of the elbow is the ______ nerve

A

musculocutaneous

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65
Q

stimulation of the sub scapular nerve will have what action on the shoulder?

A

extension

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66
Q

the deep branch of the radial nerve is responsible for ______

A

muscular innervation of extensors of the carpus and digits

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67
Q

the _____ nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the craniolateral and dorsal aspects of the distal limb

A

radial

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68
Q

the ______ nerve passes through the suprachondylar foramen with the brachial artery in the feline

A

median

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69
Q

the sub scapular nerve innervates the ____ muscle

A

subscapularis

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70
Q

synsarcosis

A

joining muscle=muscular joint

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71
Q

humerus location

A

brachium

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72
Q

radius and ulna location

A

antebrachium

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73
Q

carpal, metacarpal and phalanges location

A

manus

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74
Q

flexion

A

toward the cranial and palmar surface; decreases the angle between the proximal and distal bones

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75
Q

extension

A

toward the caudal and dorsal surface; increases the angle between distal and proximal bones

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76
Q

abduction

A

movement of the limb away from the body

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77
Q

adduction

A

movement of the limb towards the body

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78
Q

rotation

A

rotational movement around a joint

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79
Q

supination

A

lateral rotation of the paw; eat soup from a spoon

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80
Q

pronation

A

medial rotation of the paw so that the palmar aspect of the paw points downward/backward

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81
Q

scapula

A

attaches to the trunk via a synsarcosis

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82
Q

subscapularis

A

flat medial surface of the scapula

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83
Q

fossa

A

scooped out area of the bone

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84
Q

supraspinous fossa

A

scooped out area in front of the spine of the scapula (cranial)

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85
Q

infraspinous fossa

A

scooped out area behind the spine of the scapula (caudal)

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86
Q

scapulohumeral joint

A

shoulder joint

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87
Q

suprahamate process (metacromion)

A

addition to the acromion in felines only

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88
Q

glenoid cavity

A

articulation of the head of the humerus to form the scapulohumeral joint

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89
Q

tubercle

A

area of bone that points out, a rounded projection

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90
Q

greater tubercle

A

located on humerus, lateral, larger, point of shoulder

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91
Q

head of the humerus

A

articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, located on the caudal side of the humerus

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92
Q

supratrochlear foramen

A

canines only, above the trochlea of the humerus

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93
Q

supracondylar foramen

A

felines only, above the condyle of the humerus

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94
Q

the radius and ulna can rotate around each other to perform the action of _____

A

pronation and supination

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95
Q

olecrannon tuber

A

most proximal roughened surface of the olecrannon; where muscles attach

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96
Q

accessory carpal bone

A

site for muscular attachment, located on the palmar surface of the carpus, and on the lateral side

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97
Q

carpometacarpal joint

A

carpus articulates with metacarpal bones

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98
Q

most medial metacarpal bone in dogs

A

one

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99
Q

most lateral metacarpal bone in dogs

A

five

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100
Q

each metacarpal bone articulates with the proximal phalanx, forming the ____________

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

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101
Q

each digit has _______ phalanges

A

three; proximal, middle, distal

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102
Q

proximal interphalangeal joint

A

joint between each proximal and middle phalange

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103
Q

distal interphalangeal joint

A

joint between each middle and distal phalange

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104
Q

neck of the scapula

A

receding portion, most ventral part of scapula

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105
Q

serrated face

A

rough edges for muscle attachment

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106
Q

supraglenoid cavity

A

protrusion in front of glenoid cavity

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107
Q

scapular spine

A

long axis of scapula divided into cranial and caudal halves

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108
Q

acromion

A

distal extremity of the spine

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109
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A

the crest of the greater tubercle and the tricipital line

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110
Q

humeral condyle

A

trochlea + capitulum, primarily for weight bearing

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111
Q

intertubercular groove (horse)

A

divides the lesser and greater tubercles

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112
Q

medial epicondyle

A

larger, gives origin to the flexor muscles

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113
Q

lateral epicondyle

A

gives origin to the extensor muscles

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114
Q

radial notch

A

articulates with the articular circumference of the radius; forms medial+ lateral coronoid processes

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115
Q

trochlear notch

A

the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

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116
Q

anconeal process

A

the most proximal protrusion of the ulna

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117
Q

styloid process

A

Attachment to the short collateral ligament of the carpus

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118
Q

digitigrade

A

walk on digits, dogs and cats

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119
Q

unguligrade

A

walk on hooves, horses and cattle

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120
Q

radius/ulna in horses and cattle

A

completely or partially fused; no pronation/supination

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121
Q

metacarpus in horses

A

only MC III bears weight with MC II and MC IV as splint bones

122
Q

metacarpus in cattle

A

fused MC III and MC IV, MC V is present and reduced, appearing more like a sesamoid bone

123
Q

equine scapula

A

no acromion

124
Q

bovine scapula

A

acromion, similar to dog

125
Q

equine digits

A

only one digit (MC III), consisting of three bones; 2 sesamoid bones

126
Q

bovine digits

A

two digits (MC III and MC IV), three bones; proximal and distal sesamoid bones

127
Q

fascia

A

comprises of the layers of CT that separate the skin from underlying muscles and wraps around the individual muscles

128
Q

superficial fascia

A

-loose CT located in the subcutis
-easily torn/separated, easily dissected away from underlying muscle
-contains fat deposits (in fat animals)

129
Q

deep fascia

A

-deep to the superficial fascia
-composed of dense CT
-dense CT surrounds/separates individual muscles
-must be cut with scissors/scalpel

130
Q

tendon

A

dense connective tissue structure that attaches muscle to bone or other CT

131
Q

aponeurosis

A

a flat sheet of CT that attaches muscle to bone or other CT

132
Q

ligament

A

dense CT that attaches bone to bone, common at joints

133
Q

retinaculum

A

a connective tissue structure that holds tendons down, so to keep the tendons in place during movement

134
Q

origin

A

the proximal tendon attachment

135
Q

insertion

A

the distal tendon attachment

136
Q

action

A

based on how is affects the joints it crosses

137
Q

raphe

A

the dorsal connective tissue septum between the right and left halves of the body

138
Q

bursa

A

-a synovial fluid-filled sac that reduces friction of a tendon on a bone
-not continuous with a joint capsule and tend to be associated with a bony process

139
Q

extrinsic muscles

A

attach the limb to the trunk

140
Q

list of extrinsic muscles in small animals

A

-superficial and deep pectoral
-brachiocephalicus
-omotransversarius
-trapezius
-cutaneous trunci
-latissimus dorsi
-rhomboideus
-serratus ventralis

141
Q

superficial and deep pectoral mm. attachments

A

sternum and ventral median raphe to greater tubercle of the humerus

142
Q

superficial and deep pectoral mm. action

A

adduction of the thoracic limb

143
Q

deep pectoral m. attachments

A

sternum and ventral median raphe to the lesser tubercle of the humerus and to the greater tubercle via a aponeurosis

144
Q

deep pectoral m. action

A

-adduction
-flex the shoulder joint
-extend the shoulder
-pull the limb caudally

145
Q

brachiocephalicus m. location

A

arm to head

146
Q

brachiocephalicus m. attachments

A

cranial part of the dorsal raphe and the distal cranial humerus

147
Q

brachiocephalicus m. action

A

-advances limb
-extends shoulder
-turns the head/neck to the side

148
Q

omotransversarius m. attachments

A

atlas to the shoulder blade (“omo”)

149
Q

omotransversarius m. action

A

either advance the limb or flex the neck laterally

150
Q

trapezius m. attachments

A

dorsal median raphe to the scapular spine

151
Q

trapezius m. action

A

-the shrug muscle
-elevates and abducts the forelimb

152
Q

rhomboideus m. attachments

A

the skull, vertebrae, and dorsal median raphe to the dorsal scapula

153
Q

rhomboideus m. action

A

elevate the thoracic limb and draw the scapula to the trunk

154
Q

cutaneous trunci m. action

A

twitch muscle

155
Q

latissimus dorsi m. attachments

A

thoracolumbar fascia and teres major tuberosity of the humerus

156
Q

latissimus dorsi m. action

A

-angel wing shape, VERY strong
-pulls the limb caudally and also flexes the shoulder joint “digging joint”

157
Q

serratus ventralis m. attachments

A

cervical vertebrae and ribs to the serrated face of the medial scapula

158
Q

serratus ventralis m. actions

A

-supports the attachment of the limb to the trunk
-depresses the scapula

159
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

originate and insert somewhere on the limb

160
Q

deltoids m. attachments

A

both heads insert on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

161
Q

deltoids m. action

A

flex shoulder

162
Q

deltoids m. spinous head

A

arises from the scapular spine

163
Q

deltoids m. acromial head

A

arises from the acromion of the scapula

164
Q

supraspinatus m. attachments

A

supraspinous fossa to the greater tubercle of the humerus

165
Q

supraspinatus m. action

A

-extends the shoulder joint
-lateral arm rotation

166
Q

infraspinatus m. attachments

A

infraspinous fossa to the greater tubercle of the humerus

167
Q

infraspinatus m. action

A

-can either cause extension or flexion depending on the position
-can rotate the arm laterally

168
Q

teres minor m. attachments

A

caudal scapula and infraglenoid tubercle to the trees minor tuberosity

169
Q

teres minor m. action

A

flexion
stabilizes the shoulder

170
Q

teres major m. attachments

A

caudal scapula to teres major tuberosity of the humerus

171
Q

teres major m.

A

-flexion of the shoulder
-rotate the arm medially

172
Q

triceps brachii m. heads and attachments (all the same)

A

long, accessory, medial, lateral
insert into the olecranon tuber of the ulna

173
Q

long head of triceps brachii m.

A

-the only head that originates on the scapula at the caudal border, passing the caudal aspect of the shoulder joint
-flexion of the shoulder joint

174
Q

lateral head of the triceps brachii m.

A

lies just distal to the long head and originates from the proximal humerus

175
Q

accessory head of the triceps brachii m.

A

lies under the lateral head, originates from the neck of the humerus

176
Q

medial head of the triceps brachii m.

A

seen from the medial side

177
Q

triceps brachii m. action

A

all extend the elbow

178
Q

biceps brachii m. attachment

A

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula to the craniotomy-proximal radius and ulna

179
Q

biceps brachii m. action

A

-flexes the elbow
-also extends the shoulder joint

180
Q

brachialis m. attachment

A

proximal humerus to the craniotomy-proximal radius and ulna

181
Q

brachialis m. action

A

flexes the elbow

182
Q

extensor carpi radialis m. attachment

A

lateral distal humerus to base of MC II and MC III

183
Q

extensor carpi radialis m. action

A

extends carpus

184
Q

common digital extensor m. attachment

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus to distal phalanx of digits II-V

185
Q

common digital extensor m. action

A

extends carpus and digits

186
Q

lateral digital extensor m. attachment

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus to all the phalanges of digits III, IV and V

187
Q

lateral digital extensor m. action

A

extends carpus and joints of digits III-V

188
Q

ulnas lateralis m. attachment

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus to accessory carpal bone and MC V

189
Q

ulnas lateralis m. action

A

-flexes the carpus
-abducts the carpus

190
Q

supinator m. action

A

rotate ante brachium laterally (supination) and flex elbow

191
Q

supinator m. attachment

A

lateral epicondyle to cranial surface of radius

192
Q

abductor pollicis longus m. attachment

A

craniolateral ulna to MC I

193
Q

abductor pollicis longus m. action

A

abducts the thumb (digit 1), Pollicis refers to the thumb

194
Q

pronator teres m. attachment

A

craniomedial aspect of the proximal antebrachium

195
Q

pronator teres m. action

A

-to pronate: rotate the ante brachium medially
-flexes the elbow

196
Q

flexor carpi radialis m. attachment

A

medial epicondyle of humerus to palmar base of MC II and III

197
Q

flexor carpi radialis m. action

A

flexes carpus

198
Q

superficial digital flexor m. attachment

A

medial epicondyle of humerus to palmar base of the middle phalanx of digits II, III, IV, and V

199
Q

superficial digital flexor m. action

A

flexes carpus and metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalageal joints of digits II-V

200
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris m. attachment

A

olecranon and medial epicondyle of humerus to accessory carpal bone

201
Q

flexor carpi ulnas m. action

A

flexes carpus

202
Q

deep digital flexor m. attachment

A

palmar base of distal phalanx of each digit

203
Q

deep digital flexor m. action

A

flexes carpus and all joints of digits I-V

204
Q

axillary a.

A

-the main blood supply to the forelimb
-becomes the brachial artery midway down the brachium

205
Q

subscapular a.

A

-branches off the axillary artery midway between its origin and the elbow joint
-it supports the medial and lateral aspects of the shoulder region

206
Q

brachial a. in felines

A

-the feline brachial artery passes through the suprachondylar foramen as it passes distally

207
Q

common interosseous a.

A

short common trunk, last branch off brachial a. that dives between the radius and the ulna

208
Q

median a.

A

-the continuation of the brachial a. after it gives off the common interosseous a.
-the main source off blood to the manus

209
Q

cephalic v.

A

-cranial aspect of the ante brachium
-common for venipuncture and intravenous catheters

210
Q

accessory cephalic v.

A

travels up the dorsal manus to meet cephalic v.

211
Q

brachial plexus

A

-cluster of nerves that collectively supplies the thoracic limb
-located in the axilla (armpit)

212
Q

suprascapular n.

A

lies ahead of the scapula, wraps around the neck of the scapula cranially, innervates the supra and infraspinatus mm.

213
Q

subscapular n.

A

primarily innervates the subscapularis m.

214
Q

what would a loss of innervation of the suprascapular n. affect?

A

stability of glenohumeral joint

215
Q

axillary n.

A

situated in the axilla, dives into the medial musculature and travels into the lateral shoulder muscles in innervate teres major m., teres minor m., deltoideus m., and subscapuaris m.

216
Q

radial n. innervates the ______________?

A

extensors of the elbow, carpus and digits

217
Q

radial n. innervation path

A

triceps brachii mm. (all heads of muscle group)–> around the humerus–> very superficially on the elbow joint –> superficial and deep branch

218
Q

radial n. superficial branch

A

follow cephalic v. and supplies cutaneous sensation to the craniolateral and dorsal aspects of the distal limb

219
Q

radial n. deep branch

A

-supplies all craniolateral muscles of the antebrachium
-primarily focuses on the extension of the carpus and digits

220
Q

musculocutaneous n.

A

-opposite of radial n.
-innervates the flexors of the elbow joint, the biceps brachii m., and the brachial m.
-also supplies cutaneous sensation to the medial aspect of the brachium and antebrachium

221
Q

median n.

A

travels in common with the brachial a. on the medial aspect of the elbow

222
Q

in felines, the median n. travels together with the ___________ through the suprachondylar foramen

A

brachial a.

223
Q

ulnar n.

A

passes medially and is quite superficial

224
Q

ulnar n. innervation

A

innervates the lateral metacarpus and entire 5th digit

225
Q

median n. and ulnar n. innervations

A

cutaneous sensation to the caudal antebrachium/palmar manus and motor movement to the caudomedial mm. of the antebrachium

226
Q

what nerve could cause pain if venipuncture of the cephalic vein is done incorrectly?

A

superficial branch of the radial nerve

227
Q

what major nerve in the brachial plexus innervates the supra- and infraspinatus mm.?

A

supra scapular nerve

228
Q

what nerve stimulates flexion of the elbow joint?

A

musculocutaenous n.

229
Q

muscle that flexes the shoulder in the large animal

A

latissimus dorsi

230
Q

function of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle in the horse

A

flex the carpus

231
Q

the carpal check ligament attaches just distal to the carpus and attaches to the _____ muscle

A

deep digital flexor

232
Q

which muscle is a prominent extension of cutaneous trunk m. that extends superficially across the shoulder region?

A

cutaneous omobrachialis

233
Q

in the horse, the distal sesamoidean ligaments act to support the fetlock and keep it from _________

A

hyperextending

234
Q

the part of the stay apparatus that connects the biceps brachii muscle to the extensor carpi radials muscle is called

A

lacerates fibrosis

235
Q

the component of the stay apparatus that creates an unbroken line of force form the shoulder to the metacarpus is the _________

A

lacertus fibrosis

236
Q

latissimus dorsi m. large animal attachments

A

thoracolumbar fascia and teres major tuberosity of the humerus

237
Q

superficial pectoral m. large animal action

A

responsible for adduction and advancement of the thoracic limb

238
Q

superficial pectoral m. large animal attachment

A

sternum, deltoid tuberosity and proximal antebrachium

239
Q

serratus ventralis m. action large animal

A

support and raise the trunk, act as a sling for the trunk

240
Q

cutaneous omobrachialis m. large animal

A

extension of the cutaneous trunci m. across the shoulder region

241
Q

cutaneous colli m. attachment large animal

A

passes over the ventral neck

242
Q

cutaneous colli m. large animal clinical relevance

A

helps to protect the carotid artery by separating it from the superficial jugular vein

243
Q

brachiocephalicus m. large animal attachment

A

skull and cervical vertebrae to the deltoid tuberosity and the fascia associated with the shoulder and arm

244
Q

brachiocephalicus m. large animal action

A

draws the limb cranially, extend the shoulder and extend the head and neck when both sides work together

245
Q

omotransversarius m. large animal attachment

A

vertebrae to the spine of the scapula

246
Q

omotransversarius m. large animal action

A

-flex the neck when both sides work together
-when one side is engaged it bends the neck laterally and advance the limb when the limb is not bearing weight

247
Q

what makes the deltoids m. different in horses?

A

there is no acromial head, so one head

248
Q

what makes the triceps brachii m. group different in horses?

A

the equine DOES NOT have an accessory head, so it only has three heads

249
Q

lacertus fibrosis

A

-CT found ONLY in equine, attaches to carpi radials m. from biceps brachii m.
-acts to flex the elbow and when engaged in the stay apparatus it acts to fix the shoulder and elbow in extension

250
Q

brachialis m. large animal attachment

A

proximal humerus to the medial-distal radius

251
Q

brachialis m. large animal action

A

flexes the elbow

252
Q

because large animal cannot pronate/supinate, they lack ___________?

A

supinator and pronator teres mm. (equine)
supinator m. (bovine)

253
Q

extensor carpi radialis m. large animal attachment

A

lateral epicondyle to the proximal metacarpus

254
Q

common digital extensor m. large animal attachment

A

-originates from all three bones of the elbow joint: distal humerus, proximal radius, and proximal ulna
-extensor process of the distal phalanx of digit 3 (equine)
-digit 3 and 4 on bovine

255
Q

lateral digital extensor m. attachment large animal

A

-lateral radius and ulna to the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx of digit 3 (equine) and digit 4 (bovine)

256
Q

ulnaris lateralis m. large animal attachment

A

-lateral epicondyle to the accessory carpal bone and the proximal MC IV

257
Q

ulnaris lateralis m. large animal action

A

flex the carpus and extend the elbow

258
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris m. large animal attachment

A

originates from the medial epicondyle and attaches to accessory carpal bone

259
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris m. large animal action

A

flex the carpus and extend the elbow

260
Q

flexor carpi radialis m. large animal attachment

A

medial epicondyle to the MC II (equine) and MC III/IV (bovine)

261
Q

superficial digital flexor m. large animal attachment

A

medial epicondyle and attaches to the proximal aspect of the middle phalanx and the distal phalanx of digit 3 (equine) and the proximal aspect of the middle phalanx of digits 3 and 4 in the bovine

262
Q

superficial digital flexor m. large animal action

A

flex the carpus and digits, extends the elbow

263
Q

deep digital flexor m. large animal attachment

A

originates from the medial epicondyle and the olecranon and the radius to the distal phalanx of digit 3 (equine) and distal phalanx of digit 3 and 4 (bovine)

264
Q

deep digital flexor m. large animal action

A

flex the carpus and digits, extension of the elbow

265
Q

Radial/proximal check ligament attaches to

A

the superficial digital flexor m.

266
Q

Carpal/distal check ligament attaches to the

A

deep digital flexor m.

267
Q

distal sesamoidean ligaments

A

support the fetlock and help keep it from hyperextending

268
Q

suspensory ligament

A

-suspends the fetlock joint and keeps it from hyperextending
-deep to the deep digital flexor m. on the palmar aspect of the cannon bone

269
Q

palmar annular ligament

A

binds the tendons and ligaments down on the palmar surface of the fetlock joint

270
Q

what is an extensor of the elbow in the large animal

A

lateral head of the triceps brachii

271
Q

medial palmar a. large animal

A

main blood supply to the digit of the horse

272
Q

radial a. and lateral palmar a. large animal

A

serves as collateral circulation in case of an obstruction to the medial palmar a.

273
Q

in bovines, what is the main artery that supplies blood to the metacarpus?

A

common digital artery III

274
Q

dorsal common digital v. III in bovine importance

A

helps to perform nerve blocks

275
Q

the main blood supply to the equine digit is the ______

A

median palmar artery

276
Q

a pulse can be taken in the long pastern region of the horse at the ______ artery

A

median digital

277
Q

in the horse, the median artery trifurcates into the medial palmar artery, the lateral palmar artery, and the _______ artery

A

radial

278
Q

the ______ veins are bundled with the medial and lateral digital arteries at the distal limb of the horse

A

medial and lateral digital

279
Q

in the bovine, the ______ vein at the digit drains proximally into the accessory cephalic vein

A

dorsal common digital III

280
Q

medial palmar n. in horses attachment

A

at the level of fetlock gives off a dorsal branch, then continues as medial palmar digital n. at the fetlock

281
Q

medial palmar n. in horses innervation

A

the palmar part of the fetlock joint capsule

282
Q

palmar digital n. in horses innervation

A

skin and deep structures on the palmar aspect of the pastern, hoof, and coffin joint

283
Q

dorsal branch in horses innervation

A

innervates most of the skin of the fetlock, the dorsal part of the pastern, dorsal aspect of the coronary band and the dorsal laminae of the foot

284
Q

communicating branch in horses

A

connects medial and lateral palmar nn. at level of the mid metacarpal bone

285
Q

lateral palmar n. in horses attachment

A

at level of fetlock gives off a dorsal branch, then continues as lateral palmar digital n.

286
Q

lateral palmar n. in horses innervation

A

palmar part of the fetlock joint capsule

287
Q

deep branch of lateral palmar n. in horses

A

at level of carpus and dives deep with close association with metacarpal bones

288
Q

medial palmar metacarpal n. in horses

A

-close association with MC II
-innervates the entire fetlock joint capsule and part of the cutaneous area on the dorsal aspect of the fetlock and pastern

289
Q

lateral palmar metacarpal n. in horses

A

-close association with MC IV
-innervates the entire fetlock joint capsule and part of the cutaneous area on the dorsal aspect of the fetlock and pastern

290
Q

lateral palmar digital n. in horses innervation

A

innervates skin and deep structures on the palmar aspect of the pastern, hoof, and coffin joint

291
Q

dorsal branch of the lateral palmar n. in horses innervation

A

innervates most of the skin of the fetlock, the dorsal part of the pastern, the dorsal aspect of the coronary band, and dorsal laminae of the foot

292
Q

the nerves supplying touch sensation to the equine foot arise proximally from the ______ nerve

A

median

293
Q

True or False: the nerves located distal to the carpus act to innervate sensory and muscle innervation

A

false

294
Q

due to the fact that the hose lacks an acromion of the scapula, the ____ nerve is prone to damage

A

suprascapular

295
Q

the medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves come from a proximal deep branch off the ________ nerve

A

lateral palmar

296
Q

the sensory innervation of the fetlock joint, along with the medial and lateral palmar nn., is supplied by the _________ nerve(s)

A

medial and lateral palmar metacarpal

297
Q

suprascapular n. in horses

A

susceptible to nerve damage from harnesses, can cause loss of innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm, leading to atrophy

298
Q

Median n. in horses

A

supplies foot touch sensation, splits at the carpus into: lateral palmar n. and medial palmar n.

299
Q

Deep branch of the lateral palmar n. branches into:

A

medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nn.

300
Q

medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nn. contributes to the

A

sensory innervation of the fetlock joint, along with the medial and lateral palmar nn.

301
Q

lateral palmar digital n. in horses innervation

A

innervates the skin and deep structures on the palmar part of the pastern, hoof, and coffin joint

302
Q

dorsal branch of the lateral palmar digital n. innervation

A

innervates most of the skin of the fetlock, dorsal part of the pastern, dorsal aspect of the coronary band and dorsal laminae of the foot

Domestic Animal Anatomy (5 decks)

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