Exam 4 Flashcards
What is true about Myanmar?
- ethnically diverse-80% of population is burmese
- located in southeast Asia
- became independent in 1948
- Population of 529 million
- capital: Yangon
- over 130 different ethnic groups
Where are the Kachin people from originally?
- otiginally from Mongolia-Tibet
Where do the Kachin people live?
- they live in India and China
What is the religion that the Kachin people practice?
- Animism was more practiced in ancient times, but over time many have converted to Christianity and BUddhism
What are characteristics of the Kachin people?
- very disciplined fighters, have impressive knowledge about nature and healing
- at least one adult serves in the Army for one’s’ family
What is true about the Kachin people today?
- they speak the Jinghpaw language
- made up of 6 tribes
- ~1.5 million people in the tribes
- they celebrate the Mawai Poi festival-to celebrate victory in war
What is the kinship system of the Kachin people?
- unilineal patrilineal
-Omaha kinship system - clans-phraetries
What is true about the clans of the Kachin people?
- no strangers among the kachin people
- each clan has many family groups
- every person in a clan or tribe is related to each other
What is true about marriage in the Kachin peoples?
- cross cousins are preferred partners
- can’t get married with someone from the same clan
- men are most dominant in Kachin families
- bride price consists of: cash, cows, pigs, land, farm
What does a wedding ceremony consist of in the Kachin peoples?
- it’s called Shayi Sharawt
- one gives a sword and a bag to the groom-the sword means to protect, and the bag means to save money
What are common rituals in the Kachin people?
- cure sickness using herbal medicine
- skin scraping-healing–but using no medicine
- eat rice a lot, and a lot of cold climate foods
- zesty mixed foods
What are the basic components of Political organizations?
A) Political role & office
B) Centralization
C) Extent of political organization
D) Coercive force (power)
E) Control of economic resources
F) Level of political integration
What are forms of political organization?
- Bands (ie. eskimos)
- tribes
- chiefdom
- states
What do the colors of the Armenian flag represent?
- red represents the blood shed during the civil war in 1990’s, blue-for the sky
What is true about Armenians?
- there’s about 8 million Armenians scattered around the world
What disciples evangelized Armenia?
- Thaddeus and Bartholomew
- Armenia became a Christian nation in 307 A.D.
What is true about Christianity in Armenia?
- Armenia is predominantly Armenian Apostolic Church
- Some are protestants
- the Bible was translated into Armenian in 433 AD–includes Apocrypha
- first Church built in the world in 4th century
- there’s an Armenian quarter in Jerusalem
When did Armenia become independent?
- in 1991, when the USSR dispanded
What is true about the Armenian genocide?
- there were death marches for greeks and Armenians living in Turkey
- 2 million Greek and Armenian people were killed
- an ethnic cleansing–killed because they weren’t Muslim or Turkish
What is the language spoken in Armenia?
- Armenian, which is a cyrillic language with own unique alphabet
What is the political system of Armenia?
- they have a parliamentary democracy–132 seat National assembly
- has close ties with Russia
What are the roles of men and women like in Armenia?
- women cook, men serve food, love to have big meals with people
- lahmacun-Armenian pizza
What is true of Armenian education?
- it is highly valued, parents teach morality, children are expected to care for their parents
- urban women are highly educated–have professional jobs
- expected to have 12 years of school: ages 6-17
- public school is free, 99.7% literacy rate-Armenia, Russian, English are taught in school
What is true about peoples last name in Armenia?
- their last names usually end with -ian, or -yan
Who is a famous Armenian?
- Kim Kardashian
What is true about Lebanon?
- has lots of beaches, mountains–misconception about the country
- its capital is Beirut
- Lebanon is 24 times smaller than the state of Michigan
- 64.9 % are Muslims
- 32 % are Christians
What are the family roles in Lebanese families?
- woman take charge of Kids-clan, they cook, if they want to work the husband chooses where they will work
What is true about hospitality in Lebanon?
- there’s no privacy–you have to be willing to host at any time unannounced
- they have big dinners–food related
What is true about the economy in Lebanon?
- the government gives you 2 hours of electricity
- currently they’re in a currency crisis-inflation is high-currency lost 90% of value in 2 years
- people make only $50 a month
What is true about the makeup of Lebanese people?
- 45% consider French and English as their second language
What is true about schooling in Lebanon?
- there’s both public and private schooling
- public is garbage-not kept clean and nice
- private is luxurious
What is true about Lebanese music?
- it is very romantic, string instruments
What is true about wedding’s in Lebanon?
- expect a lot to happen-a lot of food, dancing, etc.
- 800-1,000 people
- $50,000-$100,000 in cost
What are the major sports in Lebanon?
- soccer, and basketball
What does the term “states” entail?
- kingdoms, confederation, empires
- bureaucratic organization
- courts and judges
- military under commanders and king
- control economic recovery through taxation and tribute
What is the definition of a “state”?
- a society defended from outside enemies by an army, and from internal disorder by police
What’s another definition of a “state”?
- a society has a separate set of gov’t institutions to enforce the laws and collect taxes
What does “coercive theory” entail?
- war lies at the root of the state
- force is the basis for state formulation
- population increase-pressures resources
- conquered groups pay tribute to political overlords signifying birth of state
What does “managerial theory” entail?
- food production in Asian society-irrigation projects; dams, canals, dikes,
- requires coordination, organization, and supervision of large masses of workers
- elite develops into a political bureaucracy
What is involved in feuding?
- activity involving individuals and supporters usually of same social group
- revenge for prior wrongs
- cycle of reciprocal killings makes difficult to bring feuds to an end
What is involved in raiding?
- more organized, directed at outside groups
- acquisition of plunder and booty
- rarely sustained activity
- guerilla bands, pirates, bands
What does warfare consist of?
- sustained, organized fighting involving around organized conflict between recognized groups
- large portion of population usually rakes part in combat or support
- objectives:
a) revenge and plunder
b) annihilate enemy
c) access to or control over land/resources
d) defend/promote religious/political ideology
What is the social scientific approach to religion?
- Emile Durkheim-secularization theory
- the elementary forms of religious life (1912)
a) modernization producing “the loss of faith”
b) all religion is social/cultural - most primitive peoples: Australian aborigines
a) the use of a totem: the sacred/profane dichotomy
b) rituals provide communal bond
c) the object of worship is society
What is the purpose of social sciences?
- discover the rational substitutes for religion
- the function of religion
a) religion-a form of social cement, providing shared values and beliefs
b) provides emotional support in uncertainty of world
c) reinforces most important norms of a society
d) helps people during major events of life cycle as birth, puberty, marriage, and death
What is the definition of religion?
- any belief in the supernatural
- rituals oriented toward the sacred
What are types of religion?
- Animism: spirits that each object has
- Theism
a) polytheism: hindus
b) monotheism: Christianity, Islam, Judaism
c) creation accounts: myths
What does abstract idealism consist of?
- emphatic behavior and thinking in order to become at one with the universe
- eastern religions: Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism
-harmony
How does one contact the supernatural?
- hallucinogenic drugs
- spirit possession
- ritual
- repetitive patterns
- calendrical and life cycle
a) periods of transition (halloween, and mardi gras)
b) reverse social order
How does one control and manipulate the supernatural?
- contact is a step toward control
- witchcraft
1) a device of misfortune
2) abnormal behavior - the evil eye
- magic
1) spells, formulating rituals
2) imitative magic
3) voodoo - curing
How does one predict the supernatural?
- divination
- belief in a deterministic universe (palm reading, star reading)
What do the colors of the Dominican Republic flag mean?
- Blue: peace, God sees them/watches over them
- Red: blood
- White: peace
When did the D.R. (Dominican Republic) become a nation?
- February 27, 1844
What is true about the size of the D.R.?
- it’s the size of New Hampshire and Vermont combined
What is true about the population of the D.R.?
- it is 10.7 million, with ~1 million Haitians living there
What is true about the way people talk about each other in the Dominican Republic?
- they use very specific terms to describe people of different skin colors
What is true about families in the D.R.?
- in rural areas, families have more than 3 kids (a lot)
- in urban areas, families have 1-3 kids
- the roles between men and women in either setting are vastly different
What is true about education in the D.R.?
- education is free in high school
- it’s highly encouraged in urban areas, not so much in rural areas
- no homeschoolers
What is true about religion in the D.R.?
~ 75% Catholic
~ 20% protestant
~ 3% atheists
- women can preach in Churches
What are the 2 main sports played in the D.R?
- baseball, and volleyball
What is true about food in the D.R?
- they eat a lot of chicken, rice, beans
- and a lot food
What is true about the language spoken in India?
- Hindi ~50% of people
- Bangla
English - business language - there are 22 languages spoken in India
What is true about food in India?
- rice, chicken, lamb, no beef (because cows are sacred)
- you always eat with your right hand, no utensils, no using your left hand
- when drinking coconut water-you drink it straight through a straw
What is true about Chai culture in India?
- Indians take tea breaks in morning, and afternoon
- chai is a social statement, it is a part of their identity
What is true about clothing in India?
- clothing is very conservative and colorful
- in cities, clothing looks more western, college students wearing jeans
- tips on clothing:
- loose fitting clothing
- dupatta head scarf
- light weight material
- shoes easy to take off
What is true about transportation in India?
- metro, ferry, train, rickshaw, auto are types of transportation
- there’s a lot of traffic–so dense
What is true about Indian cultural values?
- collectivist society
- family oriented
- caste system
What is true about religion in India?
- it is a very religious country
- Hinduism is the most practiced religion
- ~80% Hindus
- ~14% muslim
-~ 6% Christian, Jains, Sikhs
What is true about marriage customs in India?
- the brides often wear red (because white is considered the color of mourning)
- a lot of jewelry, and “henna” decorate the hands, and arms with paint or ink in elaborate symbols
- the Bindi dots on the head symbolize that the woman is married
- Bangles are wrist bracelets, colors symbolize different meanings
What are examples of practitioners of religion?
- specialists dealing with the invisible world
- the 2 most common types:
a) shaman
b) Priests - Characteristics of practitioners:
a) anti-social behavior
b) physical abnormalities - western practitioner
a) lifestyle
b) titles
c) moral conscience
What is true about the culture of China?
- China is a group culture
a) welfare of the group is more important then the welfare of individual - China is a relational culture
What is true about the “saving face culture” in China?
- preserving your own honor
- preserving the honor of those with whom you have relationships
- yes that means yes, and a yes that means no
What does it mean that China is a pragmatic culture?
- business as well as personal relationships are pragmatic
- attitudes toward unconditional love
- attitude toward marriage and children
- attitude and view of our evangelism of them
- the chinese don’t like science, they like technology
a) they don’t value the process only the end result - China values stability and harmony
What is true about education in China?
- knowledge is the objective vs. process
a) shown in vocab acquisition
b) shown in modeling the master
c) views of plagiarism
What is true about communication in China?
- it’s inverted from western style
What’s true about opinions in China?
- they are less linear than western approaches
What are China’s prominent religions?
- confucianism
- taoism/daoisim
- buddhism
- more recently maoist marxism
What is true about Confucianism in China?
- during confuious’ life China was dominated by wars and disorder
- so China sought to restore peace, and harmony
- idea of proper relationships
a) lived virtuous lives - an emphasis on virtue and the noble way
- self image and unity
- it brought a lot of national pride-nationalism
What is true about China’s culture and Christianity?
- the culture has a stronger hold, keeping people from Christ
- communism while repressive, broke the back of culture-aiding the growth of Christianity
- opium wars, unequal treaties, and modern missions are a result of the middle kingdom mentality–roots in confucianism
What is true about China in the last 35 years?
- China is very counter cultural at the current rate
- until 1911 China was ruled by an emperor
- the People’s Republic of China joined the U.N. in 1974
- today over 60% live in urban areas
- huge deduction in poverty
- today ~56,000 churches are opened
- today: ~40 million believers
- today: 58 million house church believers
What is true about Russians and their tea?
- Russians drink more tea than vodka
- and Russians drink more tea than anyone in the world
What do the Marushka dolls signify?
- they are a way to honor one’s’ mother and daughter
- symbol of fertility, and continuing the lineage
What is true about Russian culture?
- It is a suffering/fearful/harsh culture-millions have lost lives in conflict under tyrants
- they love to celebrate birthdays and many other holidays
- it is a quiet and subdued culture–“mir” is at the heart of their culture–Russians are very hospitable-and they respect one’s age
- Russia is very in your face culture–“no” is an answer to almost every request
- religion affects culture the most
- war the second most
- and art the third most
What is true about Russians and their money?
- most people don’t have much money, average per capita income is ~$14,000
- more billionaires in Moscow (75) then NYC (59), gov’t controls a lot, the mafia is real
What is true about religion in Russia?
- religious culture, orthodox church see themselves as Israel-outwardly religious and look down on others
What is true about proverbs and Russia?
- the Russians value proverbs for their practicality and superstitiousness
What is true about Russia the country?
- it has 11 time zones
- borders 14 countries
- 80% of Russians live west of the Ural mountains
- there are 12 active volcanos in Russia
- 65% of Russians live in apartment style buildings – contributes to a community feeling
What is true about Russians and their possessions and values?
- as a guest you always take your shoes off going into someone’s house-you either wear slippers or go barefoot
- people have Dacha’s-summer homes
- the Banya-or sauna is really popular-a sense of suffering
