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Anthropology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is true about Myanmar?

A
  • ethnically diverse-80% of population is burmese
  • located in southeast Asia
  • became independent in 1948
  • Population of 529 million
  • capital: Yangon
  • over 130 different ethnic groups
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2
Q

Where are the Kachin people from originally?

A
  • otiginally from Mongolia-Tibet
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3
Q

Where do the Kachin people live?

A
  • they live in India and China
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4
Q

What is the religion that the Kachin people practice?

A
  • Animism was more practiced in ancient times, but over time many have converted to Christianity and BUddhism
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5
Q

What are characteristics of the Kachin people?

A
  • very disciplined fighters, have impressive knowledge about nature and healing
  • at least one adult serves in the Army for one’s’ family
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6
Q

What is true about the Kachin people today?

A
  • they speak the Jinghpaw language
  • made up of 6 tribes
  • ~1.5 million people in the tribes
  • they celebrate the Mawai Poi festival-to celebrate victory in war
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7
Q

What is the kinship system of the Kachin people?

A
  • unilineal patrilineal
    -Omaha kinship system
  • clans-phraetries
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8
Q

What is true about the clans of the Kachin people?

A
  • no strangers among the kachin people
  • each clan has many family groups
  • every person in a clan or tribe is related to each other
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9
Q

What is true about marriage in the Kachin peoples?

A
  • cross cousins are preferred partners
  • can’t get married with someone from the same clan
  • men are most dominant in Kachin families
  • bride price consists of: cash, cows, pigs, land, farm
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10
Q

What does a wedding ceremony consist of in the Kachin peoples?

A
  • it’s called Shayi Sharawt
  • one gives a sword and a bag to the groom-the sword means to protect, and the bag means to save money
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11
Q

What are common rituals in the Kachin people?

A
  • cure sickness using herbal medicine
  • skin scraping-healing–but using no medicine
  • eat rice a lot, and a lot of cold climate foods
    • zesty mixed foods
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12
Q

What are the basic components of Political organizations?

A

A) Political role & office
B) Centralization
C) Extent of political organization
D) Coercive force (power)
E) Control of economic resources
F) Level of political integration

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13
Q

What are forms of political organization?

A
  • Bands (ie. eskimos)
  • tribes
  • chiefdom
  • states
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14
Q

What do the colors of the Armenian flag represent?

A
  • red represents the blood shed during the civil war in 1990’s, blue-for the sky
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15
Q

What is true about Armenians?

A
  • there’s about 8 million Armenians scattered around the world
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16
Q

What disciples evangelized Armenia?

A
  • Thaddeus and Bartholomew
    - Armenia became a Christian nation in 307 A.D.
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17
Q

What is true about Christianity in Armenia?

A
  • Armenia is predominantly Armenian Apostolic Church
  • Some are protestants
  • the Bible was translated into Armenian in 433 AD–includes Apocrypha
  • first Church built in the world in 4th century
  • there’s an Armenian quarter in Jerusalem
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18
Q

When did Armenia become independent?

A
  • in 1991, when the USSR dispanded
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19
Q

What is true about the Armenian genocide?

A
  • there were death marches for greeks and Armenians living in Turkey
  • 2 million Greek and Armenian people were killed
  • an ethnic cleansing–killed because they weren’t Muslim or Turkish
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20
Q

What is the language spoken in Armenia?

A
  • Armenian, which is a cyrillic language with own unique alphabet
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21
Q

What is the political system of Armenia?

A
  • they have a parliamentary democracy–132 seat National assembly
  • has close ties with Russia
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22
Q

What are the roles of men and women like in Armenia?

A
  • women cook, men serve food, love to have big meals with people
  • lahmacun-Armenian pizza
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23
Q

What is true of Armenian education?

A
  • it is highly valued, parents teach morality, children are expected to care for their parents
  • urban women are highly educated–have professional jobs
  • expected to have 12 years of school: ages 6-17
  • public school is free, 99.7% literacy rate-Armenia, Russian, English are taught in school
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24
Q

What is true about peoples last name in Armenia?

A
  • their last names usually end with -ian, or -yan
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25
Q

Who is a famous Armenian?

A
  • Kim Kardashian
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26
Q

What is true about Lebanon?

A
  • has lots of beaches, mountains–misconception about the country
  • its capital is Beirut
  • Lebanon is 24 times smaller than the state of Michigan
  • 64.9 % are Muslims
  • 32 % are Christians
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27
Q

What are the family roles in Lebanese families?

A
  • woman take charge of Kids-clan, they cook, if they want to work the husband chooses where they will work
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28
Q

What is true about hospitality in Lebanon?

A
  • there’s no privacy–you have to be willing to host at any time unannounced
    • they have big dinners–food related
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29
Q

What is true about the economy in Lebanon?

A
  • the government gives you 2 hours of electricity
  • currently they’re in a currency crisis-inflation is high-currency lost 90% of value in 2 years
  • people make only $50 a month
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30
Q

What is true about the makeup of Lebanese people?

A
  • 45% consider French and English as their second language
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31
Q

What is true about schooling in Lebanon?

A
  • there’s both public and private schooling
  • public is garbage-not kept clean and nice
  • private is luxurious
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32
Q

What is true about Lebanese music?

A
  • it is very romantic, string instruments
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33
Q

What is true about wedding’s in Lebanon?

A
  • expect a lot to happen-a lot of food, dancing, etc.
  • 800-1,000 people
  • $50,000-$100,000 in cost
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34
Q

What are the major sports in Lebanon?

A
  • soccer, and basketball
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35
Q

What does the term “states” entail?

A
  • kingdoms, confederation, empires
  • bureaucratic organization
  • courts and judges
  • military under commanders and king
  • control economic recovery through taxation and tribute
36
Q

What is the definition of a “state”?

A
  • a society defended from outside enemies by an army, and from internal disorder by police
37
Q

What’s another definition of a “state”?

A
  • a society has a separate set of gov’t institutions to enforce the laws and collect taxes
38
Q

What does “coercive theory” entail?

A
  • war lies at the root of the state
  • force is the basis for state formulation
  • population increase-pressures resources
  • conquered groups pay tribute to political overlords signifying birth of state
39
Q

What does “managerial theory” entail?

A
  • food production in Asian society-irrigation projects; dams, canals, dikes,
  • requires coordination, organization, and supervision of large masses of workers
  • elite develops into a political bureaucracy
40
Q

What is involved in feuding?

A
  • activity involving individuals and supporters usually of same social group
  • revenge for prior wrongs
  • cycle of reciprocal killings makes difficult to bring feuds to an end
41
Q

What is involved in raiding?

A
  • more organized, directed at outside groups
  • acquisition of plunder and booty
  • rarely sustained activity
  • guerilla bands, pirates, bands
42
Q

What does warfare consist of?

A
  • sustained, organized fighting involving around organized conflict between recognized groups
  • large portion of population usually rakes part in combat or support
  • objectives:
    a) revenge and plunder
    b) annihilate enemy
    c) access to or control over land/resources
    d) defend/promote religious/political ideology
43
Q

What is the social scientific approach to religion?

A
  • Emile Durkheim-secularization theory
  • the elementary forms of religious life (1912)
    a) modernization producing “the loss of faith”
    b) all religion is social/cultural
  • most primitive peoples: Australian aborigines
    a) the use of a totem: the sacred/profane dichotomy
    b) rituals provide communal bond
    c) the object of worship is society
44
Q

What is the purpose of social sciences?

A
  • discover the rational substitutes for religion
  • the function of religion
    a) religion-a form of social cement, providing shared values and beliefs
    b) provides emotional support in uncertainty of world
    c) reinforces most important norms of a society
    d) helps people during major events of life cycle as birth, puberty, marriage, and death
45
Q

What is the definition of religion?

A
  • any belief in the supernatural
  • rituals oriented toward the sacred
46
Q

What are types of religion?

A
  • Animism: spirits that each object has
  • Theism
    a) polytheism: hindus
    b) monotheism: Christianity, Islam, Judaism
    c) creation accounts: myths
47
Q

What does abstract idealism consist of?

A
  • emphatic behavior and thinking in order to become at one with the universe
  • eastern religions: Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism
    -harmony
48
Q

How does one contact the supernatural?

A
  • hallucinogenic drugs
  • spirit possession
  • ritual
    • repetitive patterns
    • calendrical and life cycle
      a) periods of transition (halloween, and mardi gras)
      b) reverse social order
49
Q

How does one control and manipulate the supernatural?

A
  • contact is a step toward control
  • witchcraft
    1) a device of misfortune
    2) abnormal behavior
  • the evil eye
  • magic
    1) spells, formulating rituals
    2) imitative magic
    3) voodoo
  • curing
50
Q

How does one predict the supernatural?

A
  • divination
  • belief in a deterministic universe (palm reading, star reading)
51
Q

What do the colors of the Dominican Republic flag mean?

A
  • Blue: peace, God sees them/watches over them
  • Red: blood
  • White: peace
52
Q

When did the D.R. (Dominican Republic) become a nation?

A
  • February 27, 1844
53
Q

What is true about the size of the D.R.?

A
  • it’s the size of New Hampshire and Vermont combined
54
Q

What is true about the population of the D.R.?

A
  • it is 10.7 million, with ~1 million Haitians living there
55
Q

What is true about the way people talk about each other in the Dominican Republic?

A
  • they use very specific terms to describe people of different skin colors
56
Q

What is true about families in the D.R.?

A
  • in rural areas, families have more than 3 kids (a lot)
  • in urban areas, families have 1-3 kids
  • the roles between men and women in either setting are vastly different
57
Q

What is true about education in the D.R.?

A
  • education is free in high school
  • it’s highly encouraged in urban areas, not so much in rural areas
  • no homeschoolers
58
Q

What is true about religion in the D.R.?

A

~ 75% Catholic
~ 20% protestant
~ 3% atheists
- women can preach in Churches

59
Q

What are the 2 main sports played in the D.R?

A
  • baseball, and volleyball
60
Q

What is true about food in the D.R?

A
  • they eat a lot of chicken, rice, beans
  • and a lot food
61
Q

What is true about the language spoken in India?

A
  • Hindi ~50% of people
  • Bangla
    English - business language
  • there are 22 languages spoken in India
62
Q

What is true about food in India?

A
  • rice, chicken, lamb, no beef (because cows are sacred)
  • you always eat with your right hand, no utensils, no using your left hand
  • when drinking coconut water-you drink it straight through a straw
63
Q

What is true about Chai culture in India?

A
  • Indians take tea breaks in morning, and afternoon
  • chai is a social statement, it is a part of their identity
64
Q

What is true about clothing in India?

A
  • clothing is very conservative and colorful
  • in cities, clothing looks more western, college students wearing jeans
  • tips on clothing:
    • loose fitting clothing
    • dupatta head scarf
    • light weight material
    • shoes easy to take off
65
Q

What is true about transportation in India?

A
  • metro, ferry, train, rickshaw, auto are types of transportation
  • there’s a lot of traffic–so dense
66
Q

What is true about Indian cultural values?

A
  • collectivist society
  • family oriented
  • caste system
67
Q

What is true about religion in India?

A
  • it is a very religious country
  • Hinduism is the most practiced religion
  • ~80% Hindus
  • ~14% muslim
    -~ 6% Christian, Jains, Sikhs
68
Q

What is true about marriage customs in India?

A
  • the brides often wear red (because white is considered the color of mourning)
  • a lot of jewelry, and “henna” decorate the hands, and arms with paint or ink in elaborate symbols
  • the Bindi dots on the head symbolize that the woman is married
  • Bangles are wrist bracelets, colors symbolize different meanings
69
Q

What are examples of practitioners of religion?

A
  • specialists dealing with the invisible world
  • the 2 most common types:
    a) shaman
    b) Priests
  • Characteristics of practitioners:
    a) anti-social behavior
    b) physical abnormalities
  • western practitioner
    a) lifestyle
    b) titles
    c) moral conscience
70
Q

What is true about the culture of China?

A
  • China is a group culture
    a) welfare of the group is more important then the welfare of individual
  • China is a relational culture
71
Q

What is true about the “saving face culture” in China?

A
  • preserving your own honor
  • preserving the honor of those with whom you have relationships
  • yes that means yes, and a yes that means no
72
Q

What does it mean that China is a pragmatic culture?

A
  • business as well as personal relationships are pragmatic
  • attitudes toward unconditional love
  • attitude toward marriage and children
  • attitude and view of our evangelism of them
  • the chinese don’t like science, they like technology
    a) they don’t value the process only the end result
  • China values stability and harmony
73
Q

What is true about education in China?

A
  • knowledge is the objective vs. process
    a) shown in vocab acquisition
    b) shown in modeling the master
    c) views of plagiarism
74
Q

What is true about communication in China?

A
  • it’s inverted from western style
75
Q

What’s true about opinions in China?

A
  • they are less linear than western approaches
76
Q

What are China’s prominent religions?

A
  • confucianism
  • taoism/daoisim
  • buddhism
  • more recently maoist marxism
77
Q

What is true about Confucianism in China?

A
  • during confuious’ life China was dominated by wars and disorder
  • so China sought to restore peace, and harmony
  • idea of proper relationships
    a) lived virtuous lives
  • an emphasis on virtue and the noble way
  • self image and unity
  • it brought a lot of national pride-nationalism
78
Q

What is true about China’s culture and Christianity?

A
  • the culture has a stronger hold, keeping people from Christ
  • communism while repressive, broke the back of culture-aiding the growth of Christianity
  • opium wars, unequal treaties, and modern missions are a result of the middle kingdom mentality–roots in confucianism
79
Q

What is true about China in the last 35 years?

A
  • China is very counter cultural at the current rate
  • until 1911 China was ruled by an emperor
  • the People’s Republic of China joined the U.N. in 1974
  • today over 60% live in urban areas
  • huge deduction in poverty
  • today ~56,000 churches are opened
  • today: ~40 million believers
  • today: 58 million house church believers
80
Q

What is true about Russians and their tea?

A
  • Russians drink more tea than vodka
  • and Russians drink more tea than anyone in the world
81
Q

What do the Marushka dolls signify?

A
  • they are a way to honor one’s’ mother and daughter
  • symbol of fertility, and continuing the lineage
82
Q

What is true about Russian culture?

A
  • It is a suffering/fearful/harsh culture-millions have lost lives in conflict under tyrants
  • they love to celebrate birthdays and many other holidays
  • it is a quiet and subdued culture–“mir” is at the heart of their culture–Russians are very hospitable-and they respect one’s age
  • Russia is very in your face culture–“no” is an answer to almost every request
  • religion affects culture the most
  • war the second most
  • and art the third most
83
Q

What is true about Russians and their money?

A
  • most people don’t have much money, average per capita income is ~$14,000
  • more billionaires in Moscow (75) then NYC (59), gov’t controls a lot, the mafia is real
84
Q

What is true about religion in Russia?

A
  • religious culture, orthodox church see themselves as Israel-outwardly religious and look down on others
85
Q

What is true about proverbs and Russia?

A
  • the Russians value proverbs for their practicality and superstitiousness
86
Q

What is true about Russia the country?

A
  • it has 11 time zones
  • borders 14 countries
  • 80% of Russians live west of the Ural mountains
  • there are 12 active volcanos in Russia
  • 65% of Russians live in apartment style buildings – contributes to a community feeling
87
Q

What is true about Russians and their possessions and values?

A
  • as a guest you always take your shoes off going into someone’s house-you either wear slippers or go barefoot
  • people have Dacha’s-summer homes
  • the Banya-or sauna is really popular-a sense of suffering

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